Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Cited References
Indicates key paper07Doe: F. Doerinckel, “Several Platinum Alloys”,Z. Anorg. Chem., 34, 333–366 (1907) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
28Gri: A. T. Grigorjew, “The Gold-Platinum Alloys”,Ann. Inst. Platine (Leningrad), 6, 184–194 (1928) in Russian;Z. Anorg. Chem., 178, 97–107 (1929) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
Indicates key paper30Joh: C. H. Johansson and J. O. Linde, “Crystal Structures, Electrical Resistance, Thermal Forces, Heat Conductivity, Magnetic Susceptibility, Hardness, and Tempering Phenomena in the System Gold-Platinum in Relation to the PhaseDiagram”,Ann. Phys., 5(6), 762–792 (1930) in German. (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure, Meta Phases; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
31Ste: W. Stenzel and J. Weerts, “X-Ray Examination of Alloys of the Gold-Platinum System”, Festschrift zum 50-jahrigen Bestehen der Platinschmelze, G. Siebert G.m.b.H., 300–308 (1931) in German. (Equi diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
32Wee: J. Weerts, “Precise X-Ray process in Alloy Research”,Z. Metallkd., 24(6), 139–140 (1932) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
34Sel: H. Seltz, “Thermodynamics of Solid Solutions. I. Perfect Solutions”,J. Am. Chem. Soc., 56(2), 307–311 (1934). (Thermo; Theory)
35Sca: G. Scatchard and W. J. Hamer, “The Application of Equations for the Chemical Potentials to Equilibria Between Solid Solution and Liquid Solution”,J. Am. Chem. Soc., 57, 1809–1811 (1935). (Thermo; Theory)
35Sel: H. Seltz, “Thermodynamics of Solid Solutions. II. Deviation from Raoult's Law”,J. Am. Chem. Soc., 57(3), 391–395 (1935). (Thermo; Theory)
37Bor: G. Borelius, “The Theory of the Transformation of Metallic Mixed Phases. IV. The Separation of Disordered Mixed Phases”,Ann. Phys., 28, 507–519 (1937) in German. (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Theory)
37Joh: C. H. Johansson and O. Hagsten, “Proof of Hysteresis Between the Dissociation and Reformation of the Homogeneous Metal Phase”,Ann. Phys., 28, 520–527 (1937). (Equi Diagram; Theory)
38Bor: G. Borelius, “The Theory of the Transformation of Metallic Mixed Phases. V. Fluctuation and Nucleus Formation in Undercooled Phases”,Ann. Phys., 33, 517–531 (1938) in German. (Equi Diagram; Theory)
38Wic: C. G. Wictorin, “the Separation of Gold-Platinum Alloys”,Ann. Phys., 33, 509–516 (1938) in German. (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
47Wic1: C. G. Wictorin, “Studies in Gold Platinum Alloys”, Stockholm, Ivar Hoeggstrom (1947) cited in [52Har, 53Harccc]. H. K. Hardy, “Discussion; The Gold-Platinum System”,J. Inst. Met., 81, 599–600 (1952–1953). (Thermo; Theory), H. K. Hardy, “A ‘Sub-Regular’ Solution Model and Its Application to Some Binary Alloy Systems”,Acta Metall., 1(3), 202–209 (1953). (Equi diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
47Wic2: C. G. Wictorin, Dissertation, University of Stockholm (1947) as cited in [Hansen]. M. Hansen, see page 454 of [27Sch]. “Contribution to the Knowledge of Magnesium-Rich Alloys”,Z. Metallkd., 19, 452–456 (1927) (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
49Wic: C. G. Wictorin, “Two-Phase Boundary of the Au−Pt System”,Arkiv Mat. Astron. Fys., B36(9), 509–516 (1949). (Equi Diagram, Thermo; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
51Bor: G. Borelius, “Kinetics of Precipitation in Supercooled Solid Solutions”,Trans. AIME, 191, 477–484 (1951). (Equi Diagram; Theory)
Indicates key paper51Gru: G. Grube, A. Schneider, and U. Esch, “Gold-Platinum System”, Festschrift aus Anlass des 100-jahrigen Jubilaums der Firma, W. C. Heraeus G.m.b.H., 20–42 (1951). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure, Meta Phases; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
Indicates key paper52Dar: A. S. Darling, R. A. Mintern, and J. C. Chaston, “The Gold-Platinum System”,J. Inst. Met., 81, 125–132 (1952–1953). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
52Har: H. K. Hardy, “Discussion; The Gold-Platinum System”,J. Inst. Met., 81, 599–600 (1952–1953). (Thermo; Theory)
53Har: H. K. Hardy, “A ‘Sub-Regular’ Solution Model and Its Application to Some Binary Alloy Systems”,Acta Metall., 1(3), 202–209 (1953). (Thermo; Theory)
55Rau: E. Raub and G. Worwag, “The Gold-Platinum-Palladium Alloys”,Z. Metallkd., 46(7), 513–515 (1955) in German. (Crys Structure; Experimental)
57Tie: T. J. Tiedema, J. Bouman, and W. G. Burgers, “Precipitation in Gold-Platinum Alloys”,Acta Metall., 5, 310–321 (1957). (Equi Diagram, Meta Phases; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
58Wei: R. J. Weiss and K. J. Tauer, “Thermodynamics of the Au−Pt System”,J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 7, 249 (1958). (Thermo; Theory)
60Mun: A. Munster and K. Sagel, “Separation Curve and Critical Point of the System Gold-Platinum”,Z. Phys. Chem. (Frankfurt), 23(56), 415–425 (1960) in German. (Equi Diagram; Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
60Too1: L. J. van der Toorn and T. J. Tiedema, “Precipitation in Gold-Platinum Alloys—I. thermodynamics”,Acta Metall., 8, 711–714 (1960). (Thermo; Theory)
60Too2: L. J. van der Toorn, “Precipitation in Gold-Platinum Alloys—II. Influence of the Spinodal Curve on the Rate and the Mechanism of the Precipitation Process”,Acta Metall., 8(10), 715–727 (1960). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
61Mei: J. L. Meijering, “On the Thermodynamics of the Au−Pt System”,J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 18, 267–268 (1961). (Thermo; Theory)
61San: V. V. Sanadze and N. I. Labartkava, “Phase Transitions in the Gold-Platinum System”,Zh. Struct. Khim., 2, 703–711 (1961). in Russian; TR:J. Struct. Chem., USSR, 2, 647–654 (1961). (Meta Phases; Experimental)
62Dar: A. S. Darling, “Gold-Platinum Alloys. A Critical Review of Their Constitution and Properties”,Platinum Met. Rev., 6(2), 60–67 (1962). (Equi Diagram; Review);6(3), 106–111 (1962). (Equi diagram; Review)
64Rau: E. Raub and G. Falkenburg, “The System Gold-Platinum-Rhodium and the Binary Systems of Its Components”,Z. Metallkd., 55, 392–397 (1964) in German. (Equi Diagram, Meta Phases: Experimental; Indicates presence of a phase diagram)
65Coo: H. E. Cook and J. E. Hilliard, “A Simple Method of Estimating the Chemical Spinodal”,Trans. AIME, 233(1), 142–146 (1965). (Equi Diagram; Theory)
65Def: D. deFontaine and J. E. Hilliard, “Comment on ‘Precipitation in Gold-Platinum Alloys: Thermodynamics’”,Acta Metall. 13(9), 1019–1021 (1965) (Thermo; Theory)
67Car: R. W. Carpenter, “Growth of Modulated Structure in Gold-Platinum Alloys”,Acta Metall., 15, 1567–1572 (1967). (Equi Diagram, Crys Structure; Experimental)
67Fie: R. Fiedler, “X-Ray ‘Tails’ on Powder Patterns of Annealed Au−Pt and Fe−Ni Alloys”,Czech. J. Phys., 17(12), 1105–1109 (1967). (Meta Phases; Experimental)
68Gol: E. Gold and E. S. Machlin, “A Field Ion Microscope Investigation of Short-Range Order in 2 at.% Au−Pt and 2 at.% Ni−Pt”,Philos. Mag., 18(153), 453–464 (1968). (Crys Structure; Experimental)
68Wei: V. J. Weise and V. Gerold, “Coherent and Incoherent Precipitation in the Au−Pt System”,Z. Metallkd., 59(12), 904–909 (1968) in German. (Meta Phases; Experimental)
69Kra: G. Kralik, J. Weise, and V. Gerold, inThe Mechanism of Phase Transformations in Crystalline Solids, Inst. Metals, London, 23–28 (1969). (Meta Phases; Experimental)
Indicates key paper70Jon: R. W. Jones, F. E. Stafford, and D. H. Whitmore, “Mass Spectrometric Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of Solid Au−Pt Alloys”,Met. Trans., 1(2), 403–413 (1970). (Thermo; Experimental)
70Kra: G. Kralik, “Investigation on the Decomposition Kinetics of Gold-Platinum Alloys by Means of Electrical Resistivity”,Z. Metallkd., 61(10), 751–756 (1970) in German. (Equi Diagram, Meta Phases; Theory)
71Bor: G. borelius, “Spinodal Hypotheses and Precipitation in AuPt and AuNi Alloys”,Phys. Scr., 4(3), 127–131, (1971). (Equi Diagram; Theory)
71Hay: F. H. Hayes and O. Kubaschewski, “The Heats of Formation in the System Gold-Platinum-Palladium”,Mat. Sci. J., 5(1), 37–40 (1971). (Thermo; Experimental)
71Kub: O. Kubaschewski and J. F. Counsell, “Thermodynamic Properties of the Gold-Platinum-Palladium System”,Monatsh. Chem., 102(6), 1724–1728 (1971) in German. (Thermo; Theory)
73Car: S. M. Carmio and J. L. Meijering, “The Gold-Nickel-Platinum System”,Z. Metallkd., 64(3), 170–175 (1973) in German. (Thermo; Theory)
74Pol: W. Polanschutz and E. Krautz, “Field Ion Microscopic Investigations in the Binary System Platinum-Gold”,Surf. Sci., 46(2), 602–610 (1974). (Meta Phases; Experimental)
75Che: C. G. Chen and R. W. Balluffi, “Field Ion Microscope Studies of Solute Atoms in Dilute Pt Alloys—II. Distributions and Interactions of Au and Ni Atoms”,Acta Metall., 23(8), 931–936 (1975). (Crys Structure; Experimental)
76Mac: E. S. Machlin, “On Previous Field Ion Microscope Measurements of Short Range Order in Dilute Alloys of Platinum”,Scr. Metall., 10(6), 521–524 (1976). (Crys Structure, Thermo; Review)
78Dek1: T. H. deKeijser, “The Structure of Spinodally Decomposed Pt-Rich AuPt Alloys”,Acta Crystallogr. A, 34(S4), S302 (1978). (Equi Diagram; Experimental)
78Dek2: T. H. deKeijser and J. L. Meijering, “The Estimation of Chemical Spinodal”,Scr. Metall., 12(9), 843–846 (1978). (Equi Diagram; Theory)
78Sav: E. M. Savitsky, V. P. Polyakova, N. B. Gorina, and N. R. Roshan,Physical Metallurgy of Platinum Metals, Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY (1978). (Equi Diagram; Review)
78Sin1: S. P. Singhal, H. Herman, and J. K. Hirvonen, “Spinodal Decomposition in Amorphous Au-Implanted Pt”,Appl. Phys. Lett., 32(1) 25–26 (1978). (Meta Phases; Experimental)
78Sin2: S. P. Singhal, H. Herman, and G. Kostorz, “Neutron Small-Angle Scattering Study of Phase Decomposition in Au−Pt”,J. Appl. Crystallogr., 11(5), 572–577 (1978). (Equi Diagram; Theory)
79Mul: H. U. Muller, “Contribution to the Thermodynamics of binary Alloys”, thesis, Tech. Univ. Aachen (1979) in German. (Thermo; Theory)
79Sch: H. J. Schaller, “A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Pt−Au Miscibility Gap,”J. Metallkd. 70(6), 354–358 (1979) in German. (Thermo; Theory)
80Mie: A. R. Miedema, P. F. deChatel, and F. R. deBoer, “Cohesion in Alloys—Fundamentals of a Semi-Empirical Model”,Physica, 100B, 1–28 (1980). (Thermo; Theory)
80Ovc: A. A. Ovcharenko, “Computer Calculation of the Constitution Diagrams of Certain Binary Alloys with Determination of Interaction Parameters from Experimental Diagrams”,Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 49(5), 1013–1020 (1980) in Russian; TR:Phys. Met. Metallogr., 49(5), 96–102 (1980). (Thermo; Theory)
80Sin: S. P. Singhal, Ph. D. thesis, State University of New York at Story Brook (1980). (Meta Phases; Theory)
81Pel: A. D. Pelton, H. Kohler, and A. Dubreuil, “Some Useful Thermodynamic Relationships Involving Binary Phase Diagrams”,Chemical Metallurgy, a Tribute to Carl Wagner, 23–25 (1981). (Thermo; theory)
81Sin: S. P. Singhal, “The Au−Pt (Gold-Platinum) System”,Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2(1), 66–70 (1981). (Equi Diagram, Meta Phases; Review)
83Cha: M. W. Chase, “Heats of Transformation of the Elements”,Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 4(1), 123–124 (1983). (Thermo; Compilation)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Work was supported by the International Gold Corporation Limited (InterGold) and American Society for Metals (ASM). Literature searched through 1983. Part of the bibliographic search was provided by ASM. Professor Massalski is the ASM/NBS Data Program Editor-in-Chief for the Binary Alloys, and also Category Editor for binary gold alloys, jointly with Dr. Okamoto.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Okamoto, H., Massalski, T.B. The Au−Pt (Gold-Platinum) system. Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 6, 46–56 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871187
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871187