Zusammenfassung
An 117 erlegten Rehen wurde ein Vergleich der tödlichen Wirkung von Eisen- und Bleischrot durchgeführt. Das Wild wurde, ohne Rücksicht auf Alter oder Geschlecht, in der Reihenfolge des Erscheinens beschossen. Anschließend wurden an allen Tieren Röntgenaufnahmen in zwei Ebenen vorgenommen, um festzustellen, wieviel Schrotkugeln jedes Tier getroffen haben. Weiterhin wurde die Plazierung der Kugeln im Tier, das heißt ihr Eindringungsvermögen, sowie das Schußbild an der Seite des Tieres festgehalten. Dabei wurden keine Unterschiede zwischen der Wirkung von Eisen- und Bleischrot festgestellt, die in Zusammenhang mit dem Herstellungsmaterial gebracht werden könnten.
Von 48 mit Bleischrot erlegten Tieren sind 34 Tiere (70 %) sofort verendet. Von 68 mit Eisenschrot erlegten Tieren sind 48 Tiere (70 %) ebenfalls sofort verendet. Andere Faktoren, die eventuell Einfluß auf die Effektivität des Schusses haben könnten, wie Schrotgröße und Eindringungsvermögen, Schußentfernung, Schußwinkel, die Größe des Tieres und seine Geschwindigkeit sowie die Plazierung des Schusses am Tier, wurden ebenfalls untersucht. Die tödliche Wirkung von Eisenschrot ist gleich der von Bleischrot. Eisenschrot ist in bezug auf seine tödliche Wirkung eine uneingeschränkte Alternative zu Bleischrot.
Summary
The lethality of lead shot in comparison to iron shot was examined on 117 roe deer shot on the Kalø estate.
The deer, driven by beaters towards the hunters, were shot in the sequence of their appearance, without consideration of sex or age.
The deer were X-rayed in two planes in order to establish the number, distribution and depth of penetration of the pieces of shot within the deer.
As no two situations are alike when shooting deer, it is necessary to compare the effects of iron-shot on a large number of animals. The number of the different types of conditions under which the deer were shot were almost identical for each cartridge type examined.
No differences due to material between iron and lead shot could be found. Of the 48 deer which were shot with lead shot, 34 (70 %) died instantly. Of the 68 deer which were shot with iron shot, 48 (70 %) died instantly.
The information gathered during this experiment can also be analysed to evaluate the effect of other conditions which influence the lethality of a shot. The most important of these are the diameter of the shot, the distance between the deer and the hunter at the time of shooting, the angle between the line of the shot and the track the deer was moving along, the size of the deer, the speed of the deer at the time of shooting and the distribution of the shot within the body of the deer.
Large sizes of shot tend to kill more deer instantly than do small sizes of shot. Shorter distances between the hunter and the deer at the time of shooting, i.e. under 20 m, increase the lethal effect of a shot. Shot which enters the side of a deer is more lethal than shot which enters the front of the deer. The above mentioned conditions at the time of shooting play a greater role, with respect to the lethality of a shot, than does the material from which the shot is made. Shots fired using cartridges loaded with iron shot show a more compact pattern than those loaded with lead shot. Deer killed using iron shot are on average hit by larger numbers of shot than are those killed using lead shot. A larger part of the total amount of shot contained in the cartridge hits the target when using iron shot than when using lead shot. The experiment was not able to detect any differences in the lethality of iron shot and lead shot. Lead shot and iron shot are both able to kill roe deer instantly. On the occasions where the deer were not killed instantly the hunter and not the type of shot was at fault.
Iron shot is just as effective as lead shot when used to kill roe deer and is a valid alternative.
Résumé
Une comparaison, concernant l'effet meurtrier de la grenaille en Fer et en Plomb, a été effectuée sur 117 chevreuils abattus. Le gibier fut tiré là où il se présentait, sans tenir compte de l'âge ou du sexe. On soumit ensuite tous les animaux à deux niveaux de Rayons X afin de constater le nombre de plombs ayant atteint l'animal. De plus, le pouvoir de pénétration des plombs dans l'animal ainsi que l'impact laissé sur le flanc de l'animal ont été enregistrés. A cet égard, la nature de la grenaille, qu'elle soit constituée de Fer ou de Plomb, n'entraîne aucune différence sur son effet meurtrier.
De 48 animaux abattus au moyen de grenaille en Plomb, 34 (70 %) succombèrent aussitôt. De 68 animaux abattus au moyen de grenaille de Fer, 48 (70 %) succombèrent également sur le champ. D'autres facteurs, qui pourraient avoir un effet sur l'efficacité du tir, furent également examinés: calibre et pouvoir pénétrant de la grenaille, distance et angle de tir, dimension et vitesse de déplacement de l'animal, endroit de l'impact. L'effet meurtrier de la grenaille en Fer est identique à celui de la grenaille en Plomb. La grenaille en Fer constitue donc, pour ce qui est de son effet meurtrier, une alternative tout à fait valable à la grenaille en Plomb.
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Strandgaard, H. Untersuchungen zur tötenden Wirkung von Eisen- und Bleischroten. Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft 39, 34–45 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310215
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310215