Abstract
We construct the holographic duals to a large N, strongly coupled \( \mathcal{N} \) = 4 super Yang-Mills conformal field theory defined on a four-dimensional de Sitter-Schwarzschild background. There are two distinct five-dimensional bulk solutions. One, named the black tunnel, is static and possesses two disconnected horizons. The other, the black hammock, contains only one horizon in the bulk. The hammock horizon is not a Killing horizon, and hence possesses interesting properties, such as non-vanishing expansion and shear, as well as allowing classical flow along it. The DeTurck method was used in order to attain the black tunnel solutions, whilst the black hammocks were found in Bondi-Sachs gauge.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
S.W. Hawking, Black hole explosions, Nature 248 (1974) 30 [INSPIRE].
S.W. Hawking, Breakdown of Predictability in Gravitational Collapse, Phys. Rev. D 14 (1976) 2460 [INSPIRE].
J.M. Maldacena, The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38 (1999) 1113 [Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 (1998) 231] [hep-th/9711200] [INSPIRE].
E. Witten, Anti-de Sitter space and holography, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 (1998) 253 [hep-th/9802150] [INSPIRE].
O. Aharony, S.S. Gubser, J.M. Maldacena, H. Ooguri and Y. Oz, Large N field theories, string theory and gravity, Phys. Rept. 323 (2000) 183 [hep-th/9905111] [INSPIRE].
D. Marolf, M. Rangamani and T. Wiseman, Holographic thermal field theory on curved spacetimes, Class. Quant. Grav. 31 (2014) 063001 [arXiv:1312.0612] [INSPIRE].
V.E. Hubeny, D. Marolf and M. Rangamani, Hawking radiation in large N strongly-coupled field theories, Class. Quant. Grav. 27 (2010) 095015 [arXiv:0908.2270] [INSPIRE].
V.E. Hubeny, D. Marolf and M. Rangamani, Black funnels and droplets from the AdS C-metrics, Class. Quant. Grav. 27 (2010) 025001 [arXiv:0909.0005] [INSPIRE].
V.E. Hubeny, D. Marolf and M. Rangamani, Hawking radiation from AdS black holes, Class. Quant. Grav. 27 (2010) 095018 [arXiv:0911.4144] [INSPIRE].
M.M. Caldarelli, O.J.C. Dias, R. Monteiro and J.E. Santos, Black funnels and droplets in thermal equilibrium, JHEP 05 (2011) 116 [arXiv:1102.4337] [INSPIRE].
P. Figueras, J. Lucietti and T. Wiseman, Ricci solitons, Ricci flow, and strongly coupled CFT in the Schwarzschild Unruh or Boulware vacua, Class. Quant. Grav. 28 (2011) 215018 [arXiv:1104.4489] [INSPIRE].
J.E. Santos and B. Way, Black Funnels, JHEP 12 (2012) 060 [arXiv:1208.6291] [INSPIRE].
J.E. Santos and B. Way, Black Droplets, JHEP 08 (2014) 072 [arXiv:1405.2078] [INSPIRE].
S. Fischetti, J.E. Santos and B. Way, Dissonant Black Droplets and Black Funnels, Class. Quant. Grav. 34 (2017) 155001 [arXiv:1611.09363] [INSPIRE].
J.E. Santos, To go or not to go with the flow: Hawking radiation at strong coupling, JHEP 06 (2020) 104 [arXiv:2003.05454] [INSPIRE].
S. Fischetti and D. Marolf, Flowing Funnels: Heat sources for field theories and the AdS3 dual of CFT2 Hawking radiation, Class. Quant. Grav. 29 (2012) 105004 [arXiv:1202.5069] [INSPIRE].
S. Fischetti, D. Marolf and J.E. Santos, AdS flowing black funnels: Stationary AdS black holes with non-Killing horizons and heat transport in the dual CFT, Class. Quant. Grav. 30 (2013) 075001 [arXiv:1212.4820] [INSPIRE].
D. Marolf and J.E. Santos, Phases of Holographic Hawking Radiation on spatially compact spacetimes, JHEP 10 (2019) 250 [arXiv:1906.07681] [INSPIRE].
P. Figueras and T. Wiseman, Stationary holographic plasma quenches and numerical methods for non-Killing horizons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013) 171602 [arXiv:1212.4498] [INSPIRE].
R. Emparan and M. Martinez, Black String Flow, JHEP 09 (2013) 068 [arXiv:1307.2276] [INSPIRE].
M. Sun and Y.-C. Huang, Kerr Black string flow, Nucl. Phys. B 897 (2015) 98 [arXiv:1405.6906] [INSPIRE].
I. Amado and A. Yarom, Black brane steady states, JHEP 10 (2015) 015 [arXiv:1501.01627] [INSPIRE].
E. Megias, Out-of-equilibrium energy flow and steady state configurations in AdS/CFT, PoS EPS-HEP2015 (2015) 366 [arXiv:1510.04219] [INSPIRE].
C.P. Herzog, M. Spillane and A. Yarom, The holographic dual of a Riemann problem in a large number of dimensions, JHEP 08 (2016) 120 [arXiv:1605.01404] [INSPIRE].
E. Megias, Far-from-equilibrium energy flow and entanglement entropy, EPJ Web Conf. 164 (2017) 01010 [arXiv:1701.00098] [INSPIRE].
J. Sonner and B. Withers, Universal spatial structure of nonequilibrium steady states, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 161603 [arXiv:1705.01950] [INSPIRE].
C. Ecker, J. Erdmenger and W. van der Schee, Non-equilibrium steady state formation in 3 + 1 dimensions, SciPost Phys. 11 (2021) 047 [arXiv:2103.10435] [INSPIRE].
L. Randall and R. Sundrum, An Alternative to compactification, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 4690 [hep-th/9906064] [INSPIRE].
P. Figueras and T. Wiseman, Gravity and large black holes in Randall-Sundrum II braneworlds, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 081101 [arXiv:1105.2558] [INSPIRE].
W.D. Biggs and J.E. Santos, Rotating Black Holes in Randall-Sundrum II Braneworlds, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 (2022) 021601 [arXiv:2108.00016] [INSPIRE].
M. Headrick, S. Kitchen and T. Wiseman, A New approach to static numerical relativity, and its application to Kaluza-Klein black holes, Class. Quant. Grav. 27 (2010) 035002 [arXiv:0905.1822] [INSPIRE].
T. Wiseman, Numerical construction of static and stationary black holes, in Black holes in higher dimensions, G.T. Horowitz ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. (2012), pp. 233–270 [arXiv:1107.5513] [INSPIRE].
O.J.C. Dias, J.E. Santos and B. Way, Numerical Methods for Finding Stationary Gravitational Solutions, Class. Quant. Grav. 33 (2016) 133001 [arXiv:1510.02804] [INSPIRE].
C. Fefferman and C.R. Graham, Conformal invariants, in Élie Cartan et les mathématiques d’aujourd’hui — Lyon, 25–29 juin 1984, Astérisque Hors Série (1985) 95.
S. de Haro, S.N. Solodukhin and K. Skenderis, Holographic reconstruction of space-time and renormalization in the AdS/CFT correspondence, Commun. Math. Phys. 217 (2001) 595 [hep-th/0002230] [INSPIRE].
K. Balasubramanian and C.P. Herzog, Losing Forward Momentum Holographically, Class. Quant. Grav. 31 (2014) 125010 [arXiv:1312.4953] [INSPIRE].
A. Poole, K. Skenderis and M. Taylor, (A)dS4 in Bondi gauge, Class. Quant. Grav. 36 (2019) 095005 [arXiv:1812.05369] [INSPIRE].
G. Compère, A. Fiorucci and R. Ruzziconi, The Λ-BMS4 group of dS4 and new boundary conditions for AdS4, Class. Quant. Grav. 36 (2019) 195017 [Erratum ibid. 38 (2021) 229501] [arXiv:1905.00971] [INSPIRE].
C. Fefferman and C.R. Graham, The ambient metric, Ann. Math. Stud. 178 (2011) 1 [arXiv:0710.0919] [INSPIRE].
R.M. Wald, General Relativity, Chicago University Press, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. (1984) [https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226870373.001.0001].
S.R. Green, S. Hollands, A. Ishibashi and R.M. Wald, Superradiant instabilities of asymptotically anti-de Sitter black holes, Class. Quant. Grav. 33 (2016) 125022 [arXiv:1512.02644] [INSPIRE].
M. Henningson and K. Skenderis, The Holographic Weyl anomaly, JHEP 07 (1998) 023 [hep-th/9806087] [INSPIRE].
V. Balasubramanian and P. Kraus, A Stress tensor for Anti-de Sitter gravity, Commun. Math. Phys. 208 (1999) 413 [hep-th/9902121] [INSPIRE].
P. Figueras, K. Murata and H.S. Reall, Black hole instabilities and local Penrose inequalities, Class. Quant. Grav. 28 (2011) 225030 [arXiv:1107.5785] [INSPIRE].
R. Penrose, Gravitational collapse: The role of general relativity, Gen. Rel. Grav. 34 (2002) 1141 [Riv. Nuovo Cim. 1 (1969) 252] [INSPIRE].
R. Gregory and R. Laflamme, Black strings and p-branes are unstable, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 (1993) 2837 [hep-th/9301052] [INSPIRE].
L. Lehner and F. Pretorius, Black Strings, Low Viscosity Fluids, and Violation of Cosmic Censorship, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 101102 [arXiv:1006.5960] [INSPIRE].
B.E. Niehoff, J.E. Santos and B. Way, Towards a violation of cosmic censorship, Class. Quant. Grav. 33 (2016) 185012 [arXiv:1510.00709] [INSPIRE].
O.J.C. Dias, J.E. Santos and B. Way, Localised AdS5 × S5 Black Holes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 151101 [arXiv:1605.04911] [INSPIRE].
G.T. Horowitz, J.E. Santos and B. Way, Evidence for an Electrifying Violation of Cosmic Censorship, Class. Quant. Grav. 33 (2016) 195007 [arXiv:1604.06465] [INSPIRE].
T. Crisford and J.E. Santos, Violating the Weak Cosmic Censorship Conjecture in Four-Dimensional Anti-de Sitter Space, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 181101 [arXiv:1702.05490] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
ArXiv ePrint: 2207.14306
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Biggs, W.D., Santos, J.E. Black tunnels and hammocks. J. High Energ. Phys. 2022, 21 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2022)021
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2022)021