Abstract
Electroweak Baryogenesis (EWBG) is a compelling scenario for explaining the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. Its connection to the electroweak phase transition makes it inherently testable. However, completely excluding this scenario can seem difficult in practice, due to the sheer number of proposed models. We investigate the possibility of postulating a “no-lose” theorem for testing EWBG in future e + e − or hadron colliders. As a first step we focus on a factorized picture of EWBG which separates the sources of a stronger phase transition from those that provide new sources of CP violation. We then construct a “nightmare scenario” that generates a strong first-order phase transition as required by EWBG, but is very difficult to test experimentally. We show that a 100 TeV hadron collider is both necessary and possibly sufficient for testing the parameter space of the nightmare scenario that is consistent with EWBG.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A.D. Sakharov, Violation of CP invariance, c asymmetry and baryon asymmetry of the universe, Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 5 (1967) 32 [JETP Lett. 5 (1967) 24] [Sov. Phys. Usp. 34 (1991)392] [Usp. Fiz. Nauk 161 (1991) 61] [INSPIRE].
V.A. Kuzmin, V.A. Rubakov and M.E. Shaposhnikov, On the anomalous electroweak baryon number nonconservation in the early universe, Phys. Lett. B 155 (1985) 36 [INSPIRE].
F.R. Klinkhamer and N.S. Manton, A saddle point solution in the Weinberg-Salam theory, Phys. Rev. D 30 (1984) 2212 [INSPIRE].
P.B. Arnold and L.D. McLerran, Sphalerons, small fluctuations and baryon number violation in electroweak theory, Phys. Rev. D 36 (1987) 581 [INSPIRE].
P.B. Arnold and L.D. McLerran, The sphaleron strikes back, Phys. Rev. D 37 (1988) 1020 [INSPIRE].
S.Y. Khlebnikov and M.E. Shaposhnikov, The statistical theory of anomalous fermion number nonconservation, Nucl. Phys. B 308 (1988) 885 [INSPIRE].
J.M. Cline, Baryogenesis, hep-ph/0609145 [INSPIRE].
M. Trodden, Electroweak baryogenesis, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 (1999) 1463 [hep-ph/9803479] [INSPIRE].
A. Riotto, Theories of baryogenesis, hep-ph/9807454 [INSPIRE].
A. Riotto and M. Trodden, Recent progress in baryogenesis, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 49 (1999) 35 [hep-ph/9901362] [INSPIRE].
M. Quirós, Finite temperature field theory and phase transitions, hep-ph/9901312 [INSPIRE].
D.E. Morrissey and M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, Electroweak baryogenesis, New J. Phys. 14 (2012) 125003 [arXiv:1206.2942] [INSPIRE].
P. Huet and A.E. Nelson, Electroweak baryogenesis in supersymmetric models, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 4578 [hep-ph/9506477] [INSPIRE].
M.S. Carena, M. Quirós and C.E.M. Wagner, Opening the window for electroweak baryogenesis, Phys. Lett. B 380 (1996) 81 [hep-ph/9603420] [INSPIRE].
M. Laine and K. Rummukainen, The MSSM electroweak phase transition on the lattice, Nucl. Phys. B 535 (1998) 423 [hep-lat/9804019] [INSPIRE].
M. Laine, Electroweak phase transition beyond the standard model, hep-ph/0010275 [INSPIRE].
J.R. Espinosa, Dominant two loop corrections to the MSSM finite temperature effective potential, Nucl. Phys. B 475 (1996) 273 [hep-ph/9604320] [INSPIRE].
M.S. Carena, M. Quirós and C.E.M. Wagner, Electroweak baryogenesis and Higgs and stop searches at LEP and the Tevatron, Nucl. Phys. B 524 (1998) 3 [hep-ph/9710401] [INSPIRE].
S.J. Huber, P. John and M.G. Schmidt, Bubble walls, CP-violation and electroweak baryogenesis in the MSSM, Eur. Phys. J. C 20 (2001) 695 [hep-ph/0101249] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Cline and K. Kainulainen, A new source for electroweak baryogenesis in the MSSM, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 5519 [hep-ph/0002272] [INSPIRE].
M.S. Carena, M. Quirós, M. Seco and C.E.M. Wagner, Improved results in supersymmetric electroweak baryogenesis, Nucl. Phys. B 650 (2003) 24 [hep-ph/0208043] [INSPIRE].
C. Lee, V. Cirigliano and M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, Resonant relaxation in electroweak baryogenesis, Phys. Rev. D 71 (2005) 075010 [hep-ph/0412354] [INSPIRE].
V. Cirigliano, Y. Li, S. Profumo and M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, MSSM baryogenesis and electric dipole moments: an update on the phenomenology, JHEP 01 (2010) 002 [arXiv:0910.4589] [INSPIRE].
M. Carena, G. Nardini, M. Quirós and C.E.M. Wagner, The effective theory of the light stop scenario, JHEP 10 (2008) 062 [arXiv:0806.4297] [INSPIRE].
M. Carena, G. Nardini, M. Quirós and C.E.M. Wagner, The baryogenesis window in the MSSM, Nucl. Phys. B 812 (2009) 243 [arXiv:0809.3760] [INSPIRE].
M. Quirós and M. Seco, Electroweak baryogenesis in the MSSM, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 81 (2000) 63 [hep-ph/9903274] [INSPIRE].
D. Delepine, J.M. Gerard, R. Gonzalez Felipe and J. Weyers, A light stop and electroweak baryogenesis, Phys. Lett. B 386 (1996) 183 [hep-ph/9604440] [INSPIRE].
D. Curtin, P. Jaiswal and P. Meade, Excluding electroweak baryogenesis in the MSSM, JHEP 08 (2012) 005 [arXiv:1203.2932] [INSPIRE].
T. Cohen and A. Pierce, Electroweak baryogenesis and colored scalars, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 033006 [arXiv:1110.0482] [INSPIRE].
T. Cohen, D.E. Morrissey and A. Pierce, Electroweak baryogenesis and Higgs signatures, Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 013009 [arXiv:1203.2924] [INSPIRE].
G.D. Moore, Electroweak bubble wall friction: analytic results, JHEP 03 (2000) 006 [hep-ph/0001274] [INSPIRE].
P. John and M.G. Schmidt, Do stops slow down electroweak bubble walls?, Nucl. Phys. B 598 (2001) 291 [Erratum ibid. B 648 (2003) 449] [hep-ph/0002050] [INSPIRE].
P. John and M.G. Schmidt, Bubble wall velocity in the MSSM, hep-ph/0012077 [INSPIRE].
A. Megevand and A.D. Sanchez, Velocity of electroweak bubble walls, Nucl. Phys. B 825 (2010) 151 [arXiv:0908.3663] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Moreno, M. Quirós and M. Seco, Bubbles in the supersymmetric standard model, Nucl. Phys. B 526 (1998) 489 [hep-ph/9801272] [INSPIRE].
A. Riotto, The more relaxed supersymmetric electroweak baryogenesis, Phys. Rev. D 58 (1998) 095009 [hep-ph/9803357] [INSPIRE].
V. Cirigliano, M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, S. Tulin and C. Lee, Yukawa and tri-scalar processes in electroweak baryogenesis, Phys. Rev. D 73 (2006) 115009 [hep-ph/0603058] [INSPIRE].
D.J.H. Chung, B. Garbrecht, M.J. Ramsey-Musolf and S. Tulin, Yukawa interactions and supersymmetric electroweak baryogenesis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 (2009) 061301 [arXiv:0808.1144] [INSPIRE].
Y. Li, S. Profumo and M. Ramsey-Musolf, Bino-driven electroweak baryogenesis with highly suppressed electric dipole moments, Phys. Lett. B 673 (2009) 95 [arXiv:0811.1987] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Cline, M. Joyce and K. Kainulainen, Supersymmetric electroweak baryogenesis in the WKB approximation, Phys. Lett. B 417 (1998) 79 [Erratum ibid. B 448 (1999) 321] [hep-ph/9708393] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Cline, M. Joyce and K. Kainulainen, Supersymmetric electroweak baryogenesis, JHEP 07 (2000) 018 [hep-ph/0006119] [INSPIRE].
T. Konstandin, T. Prokopec and M.G. Schmidt, Kinetic description of fermion flavor mixing and CP-violating sources for baryogenesis, Nucl. Phys. B 716 (2005) 373 [hep-ph/0410135] [INSPIRE].
T. Konstandin, T. Prokopec and M.G. Schmidt, Axial currents from CKM matrix CP-violation and electroweak baryogenesis, Nucl. Phys. B 679 (2004) 246 [hep-ph/0309291] [INSPIRE].
J. Kozaczuk, S. Profumo, M.J. Ramsey-Musolf and C.L. Wainwright, Supersymmetric electroweak baryogenesis via resonant sfermion sources, Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 096001 [arXiv:1206.4100] [INSPIRE].
H.H. Patel and M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, Baryon washout, electroweak phase transition and perturbation theory, JHEP 07 (2011) 029 [arXiv:1101.4665] [INSPIRE].
D.J.H. Chung, A.J. Long and L.-T. Wang, The 125 GeV Higgs and electroweak phase transition model classes, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 023509 [arXiv:1209.1819] [INSPIRE].
S. Profumo, M.J. Ramsey-Musolf and G. Shaughnessy, Singlet Higgs phenomenology and the electroweak phase transition, JHEP 08 (2007) 010 [arXiv:0705.2425] [INSPIRE].
A. Ashoorioon and T. Konstandin, Strong electroweak phase transitions without collider traces, JHEP 07 (2009) 086 [arXiv:0904.0353] [INSPIRE].
P.H. Damgaard, D. O’Connell, T.C. Petersen and A. Tranberg, Constraints on new physics from baryogenesis and Large Hadron Collider data, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 221804 [arXiv:1305.4362] [INSPIRE].
V. Barger, P. Langacker, M. McCaskey, M.J. Ramsey-Musolf and G. Shaughnessy, LHC phenomenology of an extended standard model with a real scalar singlet, Phys. Rev. D 77 (2008) 035005 [arXiv:0706.4311] [INSPIRE].
J.R. Espinosa, T. Konstandin and F. Riva, Strong electroweak phase transitions in the standard model with a singlet, Nucl. Phys. B 854 (2012) 592 [arXiv:1107.5441] [INSPIRE].
A. Noble and M. Perelstein, Higgs self-coupling as a probe of electroweak phase transition, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 063518 [arXiv:0711.3018] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Cline and K. Kainulainen, Electroweak baryogenesis and dark matter from a singlet Higgs, JCAP 01 (2013) 012 [arXiv:1210.4196] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Cline, K. Kainulainen, P. Scott and C. Weniger, Update on scalar singlet dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 055025 [arXiv:1306.4710] [INSPIRE].
T. Alanne, K. Tuominen and V. Vaskonen, Strong phase transition, dark matter and vacuum stability from simple hidden sectors, arXiv:1407.0688 [INSPIRE].
J.R. Espinosa and M. Quirós, Novel effects in electroweak breaking from a hidden sector, Phys. Rev. D 76 (2007) 076004 [hep-ph/0701145] [INSPIRE].
S. Profumo, M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, C.L. Wainwright and P. Winslow, Singlet-catalyzed electroweak phase transitions and precision Higgs studies, arXiv:1407.5342 [INSPIRE].
K. Fuyuto and E. Senaha, Improved sphaleron decoupling condition and the Higgs coupling constants in the real singlet-extended SM, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 015015 [arXiv:1406.0433] [INSPIRE].
M. Fairbairn and R. Hogan, Singlet fermionic dark matter and the electroweak phase transition, JHEP 09 (2013) 022 [arXiv:1305.3452] [INSPIRE].
M. Pietroni, The electroweak phase transition in a nonminimal supersymmetric model, Nucl. Phys. B 402 (1993) 27 [hep-ph/9207227] [INSPIRE].
A.T. Davies, C.D. Froggatt and R.G. Moorhouse, Electroweak baryogenesis in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric model, Phys. Lett. B 372 (1996) 88 [hep-ph/9603388] [INSPIRE].
S.J. Huber, T. Konstandin, T. Prokopec and M.G. Schmidt, Electroweak phase transition and baryogenesis in the NMSSM, Nucl. Phys. B 757 (2006) 172 [hep-ph/0606298] [INSPIRE].
A. Menon, D.E. Morrissey and C.E.M. Wagner, Electroweak baryogenesis and dark matter in the NMSSM, Phys. Rev. D 70 (2004) 035005 [hep-ph/0404184] [INSPIRE].
S.J. Huber, T. Konstandin, T. Prokopec and M.G. Schmidt, Baryogenesis in the MSSM, NMSSM and NMSSM, Nucl. Phys. A 785 (2007) 206 [hep-ph/0608017] [INSPIRE].
W. Huang, Z. Kang, J. Shu, P. Wu and J.M. Yang, New insights of electroweak phase transition in NMSSM, arXiv:1405.1152 [INSPIRE].
J. Kozaczuk, S. Profumo, L.S. Haskins and C.L. Wainwright, Cosmological phase transitions and their properties in the NMSSM, arXiv:1407.4134 [INSPIRE].
D. Curtin et al., Exotic decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 075004 [arXiv:1312.4992] [INSPIRE].
S.R. Coleman and E.J. Weinberg, Radiative corrections as the origin of spontaneous symmetry breaking, Phys. Rev. D 7 (1973) 1888 [INSPIRE].
S.P. Martin, Taming the Goldstone contributions to the effective potential, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 016013 [arXiv:1406.2355] [INSPIRE].
S.R. Coleman, The fate of the false vacuum. 1. Semiclassical theory, Phys. Rev. D 15 (1977) 2929 [Erratum ibid. D 16 (1977) 1248] [INSPIRE].
C. Delaunay, C. Grojean and J.D. Wells, Dynamics of non-renormalizable electroweak symmetry breaking, JHEP 04 (2008) 029 [arXiv:0711.2511] [INSPIRE].
M.J. Duncan and L.G. Jensen, Exact tunneling solutions in scalar field theory, Phys. Lett. B 291 (1992) 109 [INSPIRE].
A. Katz and M. Perelstein, Higgs couplings and electroweak phase transition, JHEP 07 (2014) 108 [arXiv:1401.1827] [INSPIRE].
N. Craig, M. McCullough and A. Thalapillil, Probing the high-mass Higgs portal at the LHC and future colliders, to appear.
J. Alwall, M. Herquet, F. Maltoni, O. Mattelaer and T. Stelzer, MadGraph 5: going beyond, JHEP 06 (2011) 128 [arXiv:1106.0522] [INSPIRE].
J. Pumplin et al., New generation of parton distributions with uncertainties from global QCD analysis, JHEP 07 (2002) 012 [hep-ph/0201195] [INSPIRE].
P.M. Nadolsky et al., Implications of CTEQ global analysis for collider observables, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 013004 [arXiv:0802.0007] [INSPIRE].
T. Sjöstrand, S. Mrenna and P.Z. Skands, PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual, JHEP 05 (2006) 026 [hep-ph/0603175] [INSPIRE].
T. Sjöstrand, S. Mrenna and P.Z. Skands, A brief introduction to PYTHIA 8.1, Comput. Phys. Commun. 178 (2008) 852 [arXiv:0710.3820] [INSPIRE].
DELPHES 3 collaboration, J. de Favereau et al., DELPHES 3, a modular framework for fast simulation of a generic collider experiment, JHEP 02 (2014) 057 [arXiv:1307.6346] [INSPIRE].
J. Anderson et al., Snowmass energy frontier simulations, arXiv:1309.1057 [INSPIRE].
A. Avetisyan et al., Methods and results for standard model event generation at \( \sqrt{s}=14 \) TeV, 33 TeV and 100 TeV proton colliders (a Snowmass whitepaper), arXiv:1308.1636 [INSPIRE].
A. Avetisyan et al., Snowmass energy frontier simulations using the open science grid (a Snowmass 2013 whitepaper), arXiv:1308.0843 [INSPIRE].
Energy frontier fast simulation webpage, http://www.snowmass2013.org/tiki-index.php?page=Energy Frontier FastSimulation, accessed 2014.
X. Zhang and B.L. Young, Effective Lagrangian approach to electroweak baryogenesis: Higgs mass limit and electric dipole moments of fermion, Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 563 [hep-ph/9309269] [INSPIRE].
C. Grojean, G. Servant and J.D. Wells, First-order electroweak phase transition in the standard model with a low cutoff, Phys. Rev. D 71 (2005) 036001 [hep-ph/0407019] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Studies of the ATLAS potential for Higgs self-coupling measurements at a high luminosity LHC, ATL-PHYS-PUB-2013-001, CERN, Geneva Switzerland (2013).
J. Baglio et al., The measurement of the Higgs self-coupling at the LHC: theoretical status, JHEP 04 (2013) 151 [arXiv:1212.5581] [INSPIRE].
F. Goertz, A. Papaefstathiou, L.L. Yang and J. Zurita, Higgs boson self-coupling measurements using ratios of cross sections, JHEP 06 (2013) 016 [arXiv:1301.3492] [INSPIRE].
V. Barger, L.L. Everett, C.B. Jackson and G. Shaughnessy, Higgs-pair production and measurement of the triscalar coupling at LHC(8, 14), Phys. Lett. B 728 (2014) 433 [arXiv:1311.2931] [INSPIRE].
W. Yao, Studies of measuring Higgs self-coupling with \( HH\to b\overline{b}\gamma \gamma \) at the future hadron colliders, arXiv:1308.6302 [INSPIRE].
D.M. Asner et al., ILC Higgs white paper, arXiv:1310.0763 [INSPIRE].
ILD collaboration, J. Tian and K. Fujii, Measurement of Higgs couplings and self-coupling at the ILC, PoS(EPS-HEP 2013)316 [arXiv:1311.6528] [INSPIRE].
N. Craig, C. Englert and M. McCullough, New probe of naturalness, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 121803 [arXiv:1305.5251] [INSPIRE].
C. Englert and M. McCullough, Modified Higgs sectors and NLO associated production, JHEP 07 (2013) 168 [arXiv:1303.1526] [INSPIRE].
M.E. Peskin, Comparison of LHC and ILC capabilities for Higgs boson coupling measurements, arXiv:1207.2516 [INSPIRE].
A. Blondel et al., LEP3: a high luminosity e + e − collider to study the Higgs boson, arXiv:1208.0504 [INSPIRE].
E.W. Kolb and M.S. Turner, The early universe, Front. Phys. 69 (1990) 1 [INSPIRE].
Planck collaboration, P.A.R. Ade et al., Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters, Astron. Astrophys. (2014) [arXiv:1303.5076] [INSPIRE].
LUX collaboration, D.S. Akerib et al., First results from the LUX dark matter experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 091303 [arXiv:1310.8214] [INSPIRE].
XENON1T collaboration, E. Aprile, The XENON1T dark matter search experiment, Springer Proc. Phys. 148 (2013) 93 [arXiv:1206.6288] [INSPIRE].
R. Barbieri, L.J. Hall and V.S. Rychkov, Improved naturalness with a heavy Higgs: an alternative road to LHC physics, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 015007 [hep-ph/0603188] [INSPIRE].
G.F. Giudice and A. Kusenko, A strongly interacting phase of the minimal supersymmetric model, Phys. Lett. B 439 (1998) 55 [hep-ph/9805379] [INSPIRE].
D. Buttazzo et al., Investigating the near-criticality of the Higgs boson, JHEP 12 (2013) 089 [arXiv:1307.3536] [INSPIRE].
M. Low and L.-T. Wang, Neutralino dark matter at 14 TeV and 100 TeV, JHEP 08 (2014) 161 [arXiv:1404.0682] [INSPIRE].
L. Dolan and R. Jackiw, Symmetry behavior at finite temperature, Phys. Rev. D 9 (1974) 3320 [INSPIRE].
S. Weinberg, Gauge and global symmetries at high temperature, Phys. Rev. D 9 (1974) 3357 [INSPIRE].
D. Comelli and J.R. Espinosa, Bosonic thermal masses in supersymmetry, Phys. Rev. D 55 (1997) 6253 [hep-ph/9606438] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1409.0005
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Curtin, D., Meade, P. & Yu, CT. Testing electroweak baryogenesis with future colliders. J. High Energ. Phys. 2014, 127 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2014)127
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2014)127