Abstract
We propose simple freeze-in models where the observed dark matter abundance is explained via the decay of an electrically charged and/or coloured parent particle into Feebly Interacting Massive Particles (FIMP). The parent particle is long-lived and yields a wide variety of LHC signatures depending on its lifetime and quantum numbers. We assess the current constraints and future high luminosity reach of these scenarios at the LHC from searches for heavy stable charged particles, disappearing tracks, displaced vertices and displaced leptons. We show that the LHC constitutes a powerful probe of freeze-in dark matter and can further provide interesting insights on the validity of vanilla baryogenesis and leptogenesis scenarios.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Planck collaboration, Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters, Astron. Astrophys. 594 (2016) A13 [arXiv:1502.01589] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for new physics in final states with an energetic jet or a hadronically decaying W or Z boson and transverse momentum imbalance at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 092005 [arXiv:1712.02345] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for dark matter and other new phenomena in events with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum using the ATLAS detector, JHEP 01 (2018) 126 [arXiv:1711.03301] [INSPIRE].
PandaX-II collaboration, Dark matter results from 54-ton-day exposure of PandaX-II experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 181302 [arXiv:1708.06917] [INSPIRE].
PICO collaboration, Dark matter search results from the PICO-60 C 3 F 8 bubble chamber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 251301 [arXiv:1702.07666] [INSPIRE].
LUX collaboration, Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross section obtained from the complete LUX exposure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 251302 [arXiv:1705.03380] [INSPIRE].
XENON collaboration, Dark matter search results from a one ton-year exposure of XENON1T, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 111302 [arXiv:1805.12562] [INSPIRE].
MAGIC and Fermi-LAT collaborations, Limits to dark matter annihilation cross-section from a combined analysis of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT observations of dwarf satellite galaxies, JCAP 02 (2016) 039 [arXiv:1601.06590] [INSPIRE].
H.E.S.S. collaboration, Search for dark matter annihilations towards the inner galactic halo from 10 years of observations with H.E.S.S., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 111301 [arXiv:1607.08142] [INSPIRE].
M. Cirelli, N. Fornengo and A. Strumia, Minimal dark matter, Nucl. Phys. B 753 (2006) 178 [hep-ph/0512090] [INSPIRE].
J. Abdallah et al., Simplified models for dark matter searches at the LHC, Phys. Dark Univ. 9-10 (2015) 8 [arXiv:1506.03116] [INSPIRE].
G. Busoni et al., Recommendations on presenting LHC searches for missing transverse energy signals using simplified s-channel models of dark matter, arXiv:1603.04156 [INSPIRE].
A. De Simone and T. Jacques, Simplified models vs. effective field theory approaches in dark matter searches, Eur. Phys. J. C 76 (2016) 367 [arXiv:1603.08002] [INSPIRE].
G. Arcadi et al., The waning of the WIMP? A review of models, searches and constraints, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 203 [arXiv:1703.07364] [INSPIRE].
M. Low and L.-T. Wang, Neutralino dark matter at 14 TeV and 100 TeV, JHEP 08 (2014) 161 [arXiv:1404.0682] [INSPIRE].
M. Cirelli, F. Sala and M. Taoso, Wino-like minimal dark matter and future colliders, JHEP 10 (2014) 033 [Erratum ibid. 01 (2015) 041] [arXiv:1407.7058] [INSPIRE].
B. Ostdiek, Constraining the minimal dark matter fiveplet with LHC searches, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 055008 [arXiv:1506.03445] [INSPIRE].
R. Mahbubani, P. Schwaller and J. Zurita, Closing the window for compressed dark sectors with disappearing charged tracks, JHEP 06 (2017) 119 [Erratum ibid. 10 (2017) 061] [arXiv:1703.05327] [INSPIRE].
R. Krall and M. Reece, Last electroweak WIMP standing: pseudo-Dirac Higgsino status and compact stars as future probes, Chin. Phys. C 42 (2018) 043105 [arXiv:1705.04843] [INSPIRE].
S. Gori, S. Jung, L.-T. Wang and J.D. Wells, Prospects for electroweakino discovery at a 100 TeV hadron collider, JHEP 12 (2014) 108 [arXiv:1410.6287] [INSPIRE].
K. Griest and D. Seckel, Three exceptions in the calculation of relic abundances, Phys. Rev. D 43 (1991) 3191 [INSPIRE].
R.T. D’Agnolo, D. Pappadopulo and J.T. Ruderman, Fourth exception in the calculation of relic abundances, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 061102 [arXiv:1705.08450] [INSPIRE].
M. Garny, J. Heisig, B. Lülf and S. Vogl, Coannihilation without chemical equilibrium, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 103521 [arXiv:1705.09292] [INSPIRE].
R.T. D’Agnolo, C. Mondino, J.T. Ruderman and P.-J. Wang, Exponentially light dark matter from coannihilation, JHEP 08 (2018) 079 [arXiv:1803.02901] [INSPIRE].
J.A. Evans, S. Gori and J. Shelton, Looking for the WIMP next door, JHEP 02 (2018) 100 [arXiv:1712.03974] [INSPIRE].
H. Baer, K.-Y. Choi, J.E. Kim and L. Roszkowski, Dark matter production in the early universe: beyond the thermal WIMP paradigm, Phys. Rept. 555 (2015) 1 [arXiv:1407.0017] [INSPIRE].
J. McDonald, Thermally generated gauge singlet scalars as selfinteracting dark matter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 091304 [hep-ph/0106249] [INSPIRE].
L.J. Hall, K. Jedamzik, J. March-Russell and S.M. West, Freeze-in production of FIMP dark matter, JHEP 03 (2010) 080 [arXiv:0911.1120] [INSPIRE].
L. Covi, J.E. Kim and L. Roszkowski, Axinos as cold dark matter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 4180 [hep-ph/9905212] [INSPIRE].
C. Cheung, G. Elor and L. Hall, Gravitino freeze-in, Phys. Rev. D 84 (2011) 115021 [arXiv:1103.4394] [INSPIRE].
T. Asaka, K. Ishiwata and T. Moroi, Right-handed sneutrino as cold dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 73 (2006) 051301 [hep-ph/0512118] [INSPIRE].
K.-H. Tsao, FIMP dark matter freeze-in gauge mediation and hidden sector, J. Phys. G 45 (2018) 075001 [arXiv:1710.06572] [INSPIRE].
A. Goudelis, K.A. Mohan and D. Sengupta, Clockworking FIMPs, JHEP 10 (2018) 014 [arXiv:1807.06642] [INSPIRE].
M. Garny and J. Heisig, Interplay of super-WIMP and freeze-in production of dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 095031 [arXiv:1809.10135] [INSPIRE].
S. Heeba, F. Kahlhoefer and P. Stöcker, Freeze-in production of decaying dark matter in five steps, JCAP 11 (2018) 048 [arXiv:1809.04849] [INSPIRE].
N. Bernal, M. Heikinheimo, T. Tenkanen, K. Tuominen and V. Vaskonen, The dawn of FIMP dark matter: a review of models and constraints, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 32 (2017) 1730023 [arXiv:1706.07442] [INSPIRE].
R. Essig, J. Mardon and T. Volansky, Direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 076007 [arXiv:1108.5383] [INSPIRE].
T. Hambye, M.H.G. Tytgat, J. Vandecasteele and L. Vanderheyden, Dark matter direct detection is testing freeze-in, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 075017 [arXiv:1807.05022] [INSPIRE].
S. Knapen, T. Lin and K.M. Zurek, Light dark matter: models and constraints, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 115021 [arXiv:1709.07882] [INSPIRE].
M. Heikinheimo, T. Tenkanen and K. Tuominen, Prospects for indirect detection of frozen-in dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 063002 [arXiv:1801.03089] [INSPIRE].
R.T. Co, F. D’Eramo, L.J. Hall and D. Pappadopulo, Freeze-in dark matter with displaced signatures at colliders, JCAP 12 (2015) 024 [arXiv:1506.07532] [INSPIRE].
L. Calibbi, L. Lopez-Honorez, S. Lowette and A. Mariotti, Singlet-doublet dark matter freeze-in: LHC displaced signatures versus cosmology, JHEP 09 (2018) 037 [arXiv:1805.04423] [INSPIRE].
D. Curtin et al., Long-lived particles at the energy frontier: the MATHUSLA physics case, arXiv:1806.07396 [INSPIRE].
LHC-LLP community collaboration, Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider, to appear.
D0 collaboration, Search for neutral, long-lived particles decaying into two muons in \( p\overline{p} \) collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=1.96 \) TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 161802 [hep-ex/0607028] [INSPIRE].
D0 collaboration, Search for stopped gluinos from pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=1.96 \) TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 131801 [arXiv:0705.0306] [INSPIRE].
D0 collaboration, Search for long-lived particles decaying into electron or photon pairs with the D0 detector, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 111802 [arXiv:0806.2223] [INSPIRE].
D0 collaboration, Search for long-lived charged massive particles with the D0 detector, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 (2009) 161802 [arXiv:0809.4472] [INSPIRE].
D0 collaboration, Search for resonant pair production of long-lived particles decaying to \( b\overline{b}\in p\overline{p} \) collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=1.96 \) TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 071801 [arXiv:0906.1787] [INSPIRE].
D0 collaboration, A search for charged massive long-lived particles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 121802 [arXiv:1110.3302] [INSPIRE].
D0 collaboration, Search for charged massive long-lived particles at \( \sqrt{s}=1.96 \) TeV, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 052011 [arXiv:1211.2466] [INSPIRE].
CDF collaboration, Search for long-lived massive charged particles in 1.96 TeV \( p\overline{p} \) collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 021802 [arXiv:0902.1266] [INSPIRE].
CDF collaboration, Search for long-lived parents of Z 0 bosons in \( p\overline{p} \) collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=1.8 \) TeV, Phys. Rev. D 58 (1998) 051102 [hep-ex/9805017] [INSPIRE].
A.G. Hessler, A. Ibarra, E. Molinaro and S. Vogl, Probing the scotogenic FIMP at the LHC, JHEP 01 (2017) 100 [arXiv:1611.09540] [INSPIRE].
A. Ghosh, T. Mondal and B. Mukhopadhyaya, Heavy stable charged tracks as signatures of non-thermal dark matter at the LHC: a study in some non-supersymmetric scenarios, JHEP 12 (2017) 136 [arXiv:1706.06815] [INSPIRE].
G. Brooijmans et al., Les Houches 2017: physics at TeV colliders new physics working group report, in Les Houches 2017: physics at TeV colliders new physics working group report, (2018) [arXiv:1803.10379] [INSPIRE].
M.J. Baker et al., The coannihilation codex, JHEP 12 (2015) 120 [arXiv:1510.03434] [INSPIRE].
J.A. Evans and J. Shelton, Long-lived staus and displaced leptons at the LHC, JHEP 04 (2016) 056 [arXiv:1601.01326] [INSPIRE].
F. Giacchino, A. Ibarra, L. Lopez Honorez, M.H.G. Tytgat and S. Wild, Signatures from scalar dark matter with a vector-like quark mediator, JCAP 02 (2016) 002 [arXiv:1511.04452] [INSPIRE].
S. Colucci, B. Fuks, F. Giacchino, L. Lopez Honorez, M.H.G. Tytgat and J. Vandecasteele, Top-philic vector-like portal to scalar dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 035002 [arXiv:1804.05068] [INSPIRE].
S. Colucci, F. Giacchino, M.H.G. Tytgat and J. Vandecasteele, Radiative corrections to vectorlike portal dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 115029 [arXiv:1805.10173] [INSPIRE].
N. Bernal, X. Chu, C. Garcia-Cely, T. Hambye and B. Zaldivar, Production regimes for self-interacting dark matter, JCAP 03 (2016) 018 [arXiv:1510.08063] [INSPIRE].
C.E. Yaguna, The singlet scalar as FIMP dark matter, JHEP 08 (2011) 060 [arXiv:1105.1654] [INSPIRE].
A. Alloul, N.D. Christensen, C. Degrande, C. Duhr and B. Fuks, FeynRules 2.0 — a complete toolbox for tree-level phenomenology, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185 (2014) 2250 [arXiv:1310.1921] [INSPIRE].
C. Degrande, C. Duhr, B. Fuks, D. Grellscheid, O. Mattelaer and T. Reiter, UFO — the Universal FeynRules Output, Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 (2012) 1201 [arXiv:1108.2040] [INSPIRE].
A. Belyaev, N.D. Christensen and A. Pukhov, CalcHEP 3.4 for collider physics within and beyond the Standard Model, Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 1729 [arXiv:1207.6082] [INSPIRE].
J. Alwall et al., The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections and their matching to parton shower simulations, JHEP 07 (2014) 079 [arXiv:1405.0301] [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger, F. Boudjema, A. Goudelis, A. Pukhov and B. Zaldivar, MicrOMEGAs5.0: freeze-in, Comput. Phys. Commun. 231 (2018) 173 [arXiv:1801.03509] [INSPIRE].
Simple extensions of the SM webpage, http://feynrules.irmp.ucl.ac.be/wiki/SimpleExtensions.
LHC-friendly minimal freeze-in models with a charged parent webpage, http://feynrules.irmp.ucl.ac.be/wiki/FICPLHC.
OPAL collaboration, Searches for gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking topologies in e + e − collisions at LEP2, Eur. Phys. J. C 46 (2006) 307 [hep-ex/0507048] [INSPIRE].
D. Egana-Ugrinovic, M. Low and J.T. Ruderman, Charged fermions below 100 GeV, JHEP 05 (2018) 012 [arXiv:1801.05432] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for electroweak production of supersymmetric particles in final states with two or three leptons at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV with the ATLAS detector, Eur. Phys. J. C 78 (2018) 995 [arXiv:1803.02762] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Reinterpretation of searches for supersymmetry in models with variable R-parity-violating coupling strength and long-lived R-hadrons, ATLAS-CONF-2018-003, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (2018).
S.A.R. Ellis, R.M. Godbole, S. Gopalakrishna and J.D. Wells, Survey of vector-like fermion extensions of the Standard Model and their phenomenological implications, JHEP 09 (2014) 130 [arXiv:1404.4398] [INSPIRE].
Particle Data Group collaboration, Review of particle physics, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 030001 [INSPIRE].
MEG collaboration, Search for the lepton flavour violating decay μ + → e + γ with the full dataset of the MEG experiment, Eur. Phys. J. C 76 (2016) 434 [arXiv:1605.05081] [INSPIRE].
SINDRUM II collaboration, A search for muon to electron conversion in muonic gold, Eur. Phys. J. C 47 (2006) 337 [INSPIRE].
SINDRUM collaboration, Search for the decay π 0 → e + e −, Phys. Rev. D 40 (1989) 2796 [INSPIRE].
U. Bellgardt et al., Search for the decay μ → 3e with Sindrum-I, [INSPIRE].
NA62 collaboration, Search for \( {K}^{+}\to {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} \) at NA62, in New trends in high-energy physics, Budva, Montenegro, 2–8 October 2016 [arXiv:1807.09101] [INSPIRE].
L. Lavoura, General formulae for f 1 → f 2 γ, Eur. Phys. J. C 29 (2003) 191 [hep-ph/0302221] [INSPIRE].
J. Llorente and B.P. Nachman, Limits on new coloured fermions using precision jet data from the Large Hadron Collider, Nucl. Phys. B 936 (2018) 106 [arXiv:1807.00894] [INSPIRE].
F. D’Eramo, N. Fernandez and S. Profumo, Dark matter freeze-in production in fast-expanding universes, JCAP 02 (2018) 046 [arXiv:1712.07453] [INSPIRE].
M. Blennow, E. Fernandez-Martinez and B. Zaldivar, Freeze-in through portals, JCAP 01 (2014) 003 [arXiv:1309.7348] [INSPIRE].
J. Baur, N. Palanque-Delabrouille, C. Yèche, C. Magneville and M. Viel, Lyman-α forests cool warm dark matter, JCAP 08 (2016) 012 [arXiv:1512.01981] [INSPIRE].
V. Iršič et al., New constraints on the free-streaming of warm dark matter from intermediate and small scale Lyman-α forest data, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 023522 [arXiv:1702.01764] [INSPIRE].
C. Yèche, N. Palanque-Delabrouille, J. Baur and H. du Mas des Bourboux, Constraints on neutrino masses from Lyman-α forest power spectrum with BOSS and XQ-100, JCAP 06 (2017) 047 [arXiv:1702.03314] [INSPIRE].
J. Baur et al., Constraints from Ly-α forests on non-thermal dark matter including resonantly-produced sterile neutrinos, JCAP 12 (2017) 013 [arXiv:1706.03118] [INSPIRE].
J. Heeck and D. Teresi, Cold keV dark matter from decays and scatterings, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 035018 [arXiv:1706.09909] [INSPIRE].
S. Boulebnane, J. Heeck, A. Nguyen and D. Teresi, Cold light dark matter in extended seesaw models, JCAP 04 (2018) 006 [arXiv:1709.07283] [INSPIRE].
F. Iocco, G. Mangano, G. Miele, O. Pisanti and P.D. Serpico, Primordial nucleosynthesis: from precision cosmology to fundamental physics, Phys. Rept. 472 (2009) 1 [arXiv:0809.0631] [INSPIRE].
R.H. Cyburt, B.D. Fields, K.A. Olive and T.-H. Yeh, Big bang nucleosynthesis: 2015, Rev. Mod. Phys. 88 (2016) 015004 [arXiv:1505.01076] [INSPIRE].
A.D. Sakharov, Violation of CP invariance, C asymmetry and baryon asymmetry of the universe, Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 5 (1967) 32 [Usp. Fiz. Nauk 161 (1991) 61] [INSPIRE].
V.A. Kuzmin, V.A. Rubakov and M.E. Shaposhnikov, On the anomalous electroweak baryon number nonconservation in the early universe, Phys. Lett. B 155 (1985) 36 [INSPIRE].
C. Jarlskog, A basis independent formulation of the connection between quark mass matrices, CP-violation and experiment, Z. Phys. C 29 (1985) 491 [INSPIRE].
M.B. Gavela, P. Hernández, J. Orloff and O. Pene, Standard Model CP-violation and baryon asymmetry, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 9 (1994) 795 [hep-ph/9312215] [INSPIRE].
P. Huet and E. Sather, Electroweak baryogenesis and Standard Model CP-violation, Phys. Rev. D 51 (1995) 379 [hep-ph/9404302] [INSPIRE].
M.B. Gavela, P. Hernández, J. Orloff, O. Pene and C. Quimbay, Standard Model CP-violation and baryon asymmetry. Part 2: finite temperature, Nucl. Phys. B 430 (1994) 382 [hep-ph/9406289] [INSPIRE].
A.I. Bochkarev and M.E. Shaposhnikov, Electroweak production of baryon asymmetry and upper bounds on the Higgs and top masses, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 2 (1987) 417 [INSPIRE].
K. Kajantie, M. Laine, K. Rummukainen and M.E. Shaposhnikov, The electroweak phase transition: a nonperturbative analysis, Nucl. Phys. B 466 (1996) 189 [hep-lat/9510020] [INSPIRE].
A.D. Dolgov, NonGUT baryogenesis, Phys. Rept. 222 (1992) 309 [INSPIRE].
N. Turok, Electroweak bubbles: nucleation and growth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 (1992) 1803 [INSPIRE].
A.G. Cohen, D.B. Kaplan and A.E. Nelson, Progress in electroweak baryogenesis, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 43 (1993) 27 [hep-ph/9302210] [INSPIRE].
V.A. Rubakov and M.E. Shaposhnikov, Electroweak baryon number nonconservation in the early universe and in high-energy collisions, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 166 (1996) 493 [Phys. Usp. 39 (1996) 461] [hep-ph/9603208] [INSPIRE].
M. Fukugita and T. Yanagida, Baryogenesis without grand unification, Phys. Lett. B 174 (1986) 45 [INSPIRE].
M. D’Onofrio, K. Rummukainen and A. Tranberg, Sphaleron rate in the minimal Standard Model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 141602 [arXiv:1404.3565] [INSPIRE].
D.E. Morrissey and M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, Electroweak baryogenesis, New J. Phys. 14 (2012) 125003 [arXiv:1206.2942] [INSPIRE].
M. D’Onofrio and K. Rummukainen, Standard Model cross-over on the lattice, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 025003 [arXiv:1508.07161] [INSPIRE].
T. Konstandin and G. Servant, Cosmological consequences of nearly conformal dynamics at the TeV scale, JCAP 12 (2011) 009 [arXiv:1104.4791] [INSPIRE].
B. von Harling and G. Servant, QCD-induced electroweak phase transition, JHEP 01 (2018) 159 [arXiv:1711.11554] [INSPIRE].
S. Iso, P.D. Serpico and K. Shimada, QCD-electroweak first-order phase transition in a supercooled universe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 141301 [arXiv:1704.04955] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Searches for long-lived charged particles in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=7 \) and 8 TeV, JHEP 07 (2013) 122 [arXiv:1305.0491] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for heavy stable charged particles with 12.9 fb −1 of 2016 data, CMS-PAS-EXO-16-036, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (2016).
ATLAS collaboration, Search for charginos nearly mass degenerate with the lightest neutralino based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=8 \) TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 112006 [arXiv:1310.3675] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for long-lived charginos based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV with the ATLAS detector, JHEP 06 (2018) 022 [arXiv:1712.02118] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for disappearing tracks in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=8 \) TeV, JHEP 01 (2015) 096 [arXiv:1411.6006] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for disappearing tracks as a signature of new long-lived particles in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV, JHEP 08 (2018) 016 [arXiv:1804.07321] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for displaced supersymmetry in events with an electron and a muon with large impact parameters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 (2015) 061801 [arXiv:1409.4789] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for displaced leptons in the e-μ channel, CMS-PAS-EXO-16-022, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (2016).
ATLAS collaboration, Search for long-lived, massive particles in events with displaced vertices and missing transverse momentum in \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 052012 [arXiv:1710.04901] [INSPIRE].
J. Liu, Z. Liu and L.-T. Wang, Long-lived particles at the LHC: catching them in time, arXiv:1805.05957 [INSPIRE].
O. Cerri, S. Xie, C. Pena and M. Spiropulu, Identification of long-lived charged particles using time-of-flight systems at the upgraded LHC detectors, arXiv:1807.05453 [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Searches for heavy long-lived sleptons and R-hadrons with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=7 \) TeV, Phys. Lett. B 720 (2013) 277 [arXiv:1211.1597] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for heavy long-lived charged particles in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=7 \) TeV, Phys. Lett. B 713 (2012) 408 [arXiv:1205.0272] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=8 \) TeV, JHEP 01 (2015) 068 [arXiv:1411.6795] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, Search for metastable heavy charged particles with large ionization energy loss in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=13 \) TeV using the ATLAS experiment, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 112015 [arXiv:1604.04520] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for heavy stable charged particles with 12.9 fb −1 of 2016 data, CMS-PAS-EXO-16-036, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (2016).
CMS collaboration, Constraints on the pMSSM, AMSB model and on other models from the search for long-lived charged particles in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=8 \) TeV, Eur. Phys. J. C 75 (2015) 325 [arXiv:1502.02522] [INSPIRE].
ATLAS collaboration, ATLAS Insertable B-Layer technical design report addendum, CERN-LHCC-2012-009, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (2012) [ATLAS-TDR-19-ADD-1].
ATLAS IBL collaboration, Production and integration of the ATLAS Insertable B-Layer, 2018 JINST 13 T05008 [arXiv:1803.00844] [INSPIRE].
W. Beenakker, M. Klasen, M. Krämer, T. Plehn, M. Spira and P.M. Zerwas, The production of charginos/neutralinos and sleptons at hadron colliders, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 3780 [Erratum ibid. 100 (2008) 029901] [hep-ph/9906298] [INSPIRE].
T. Sjöstrand et al., An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2, Comput. Phys. Commun. 191 (2015) 159 [arXiv:1410.3012] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for supersymmetry in multijet events with missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 032003 [arXiv:1704.07781] [INSPIRE].
B. Dumont et al., Toward a public analysis database for LHC new physics searches using MADANALYSIS 5, Eur. Phys. J. C 75 (2015) 56 [arXiv:1407.3278] [INSPIRE].
CMS collaboration, Search for supersymmetry in multijet events with missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV, CMS-SUS-16-033, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (2017).
H. Fukuda, N. Nagata, H. Otono and S. Shirai, Higgsino dark matter or not: role of disappearing track searches at the LHC and future colliders, Phys. Lett. B 781 (2018) 306 [arXiv:1703.09675] [INSPIRE].
D. Becciolini, M. Gillioz, M. Nardecchia, F. Sannino and M. Spannowsky, Constraining new colored matter from the ratio of 3 to 2 jets cross sections at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 91 (2015) 015010 [Addendum ibid. D 92 (2015) 079905] [arXiv:1403.7411] [INSPIRE].
J. Ellis, TikZ-Feynman: Feynman diagrams with TikZ, Comput. Phys. Commun. 210 (2017) 103 [arXiv:1601.05437] [INSPIRE].
A.L. Read, Presentation of search results: the CL s technique, J. Phys. G 28 (2002) 2693 [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1811.05478
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Bélanger, G., Desai, N., Goudelis, A. et al. LHC-friendly minimal freeze-in models. J. High Energ. Phys. 2019, 186 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2019)186
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2019)186