Abstract
The present review summarizes results obtained in the last few years in this laboratory regarding the concentrated emulsion polymerization method. In this method, concentrated emulsions have been used as precursors for latexes of homopolymers, copolymers and tough polymers. They have also been employed to prepare conductive polymers, composites, composite membranes, microsponge molecular reservoirs and polymer supported quaternary onium salts, polymer supported palladium complexes and quaternary onium salts, polymer supported enzymes or cells. In contrast to the conventional emulsions, concentrated emulsions have a large volume fraction of dispersed phase, greater than 0.74 and as large as 0.99. When the volume fraction of the dispersed phase is sufficiently large, polyhedral cells of the dispersed phase are separated by thin films of continuous phase. Latexes have been prepared by dispersing a hydrophobic monomer(s) in a small amount of water containing a surfactant, or by dispersing a hydrophilic monomer(s) in a small amount of hydrocarbon (decane) containing a surfactant, and polymerizing the system. Composites have been prepared by dispersing an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic monomer(s) in a small amount of a solution of a hydrophobic monomer in a hydrocarbon, or by dispersing a solution of a hydrophobic monomer(s) in a hydrocarbon in a small amount of a solution of a hydrophilic monomer in water; this was followed by polymerization. Conventional emulsions, microemulsions or colloidal dispersions have been sometimes employed. It is important to emphasize that the polymerized system almost maintains the structure of the emulsion precursor employed.
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Abbreviations
- AA:
-
acrylic acid
- AAM:
-
acrylamide
- Arkopal-N15:
-
α-(4-nonylphenil)-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
- AIBN:
-
azobisisobutyronitrile
- BMA:
-
butylmethacrylate
- CA:
-
cetyl alcohol
- CMC:
-
critical micelle concentration
- DSC:
-
differential scanning calorimetry
- DMF:
-
dimethyl formamide
- DVB:
-
divinyl benzene
- EDS:
-
energy dispersive spectroscopy
- EMA:
-
ethyl methacrylate
- EO:
-
ethylene oxide
- HLB:
-
hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
- MAA:
-
methacrylic acid
- MEHQ:
-
methyl hydroquinone
- MMA:
-
methyl methacrylate
- OA:
-
oleyl alcohol
- PAA:
-
poly(acrylic acid)
- PBMA:
-
poly(butyl methacrylate)
- PDVB:
-
poly(divinylbenzene)
- PMAA:
-
poly(methacrylic acid)
- PMMA:
-
poly(methyl methacrylate)
- PS:
-
polystyrene
- PVBC:
-
poly(vinylbenzene chloride)
- PVDC:
-
poly(vinylidene chloride)
- SBS:
-
styrene-butadiene-styrene
- SDS:
-
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- Span 20:
-
sorbitan monolaurate
- Span 80:
-
sorbitan monooleate
- ST:
-
styrene
- THF:
-
tetrahydrofuran
- Triton X-100:
-
α-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
- Tween 20:
-
polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate
- VBC:
-
vinylbenzene chloride
- VDC:
-
vinylidene chloride
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Ruckenstein, E. (1997). Concentrated emulsion polymerization. In: Polymer Synthesis/Polymer Catalysis. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 127. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0103628
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0103628
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