Abstract
This document is a review of the important aspects of the thermal conductivity of filled polymer compositions. Included in this review is an analysis of the various theories developed to model the behavior of heterogeneous two phase systems. A number of second order models were found to provide good estimates of actual data for composites filled with spherical and irregularly shaped particles. In those cases where the models and data disgreed, it was usually because the packing arrangements in the real systems did not match the assumed packing arrangements in the models. This usually occurred at high filler volume fractions where filler packing depends on mixing, particle size and size distribution, and molding considerations. Similar disparities between real composite systems and models for flake and fiber filled composites made analysis of models for such systems difficult to assess. Experimental methods were reviewed, with the inclusion of the more recently developed unsteady state techniques. Finally, discussion is presented on the use of thermally conductive compositions in heat exchangers where the thermal conductivity is of primary importance to the performance of the device.
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Abbreviations
- b:
-
parameter in Eq. (18) defined in Eq. (19)
- d:
-
constant in Eqs. (5, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 18)
- kc :
-
thermal conductivity of a two phase composite
- kf :
-
thermal conductivity of the filler material
- km :
-
thermal conductivity of the matrix material
- l:
-
fiber length
- l:
-
wire strip length
- n:
-
power law exponent in Eq. (20)
- q:
-
heat flux
- q′:
-
rate of heat generated per length of wire in line source technique
- r:
-
radial distance from line source
- t:
-
time
- t1 :
-
time 1
- t2 :
-
time 2
- x:
-
distance
- xo :
-
material thickness
- Δx:
-
change in distance
- A:
-
cross-sectional area
- A:
-
coefficient in Eq. (15)
- An :
-
summation parameter in Eq. (6)
- A1 :
-
parameter defined in Eq. (7)
- A2 :
-
parameter defined in Eq. (8)
- A3 :
-
parameter defined in Eq. (9)
- B:
-
coefficient in Eq. (15), defined in Eq. (17)
- Bn :
-
summation parameter in Eq. (10)
- C1 :
-
parameter in Eq. (20) related to effect of filler on crystallinity of polymer
- C:
-
parameter in Eq. (20) related to critical structural concentration of filler particles
- Cp :
-
specific heat
- D:
-
fiber diameter
- E:
-
modulus
- F:
-
force
- H:
-
parameter in Eq. (34), defined in Eq. (35)
- J:
-
parameter in Eq. (30), defined in Eq. (31)
- L:
-
effective diameter of a flake
- N:
-
coefficient in Eq. (13)
- Q:
-
rate of heat flow
- R:
-
line resistance
- S:
-
coefficient in Eqs. (14, 25)
- S11 :
-
parameter in Eq. (30), defined in Eq. (32)
- S33 :
-
parameter in Eq. (30), defined in Eq. (33)
- T:
-
temperature
- T0 :
-
initial sample temperature
- T1 :
-
temperature at time t1
- T2 :
-
temperature at time t2
- Ti :
-
constant surface temperature in Eq. (39)
- V:
-
average ac line voltage
- V3, 1 :
-
average rms voltage at harmonic frequency 3ω1
- V3, 2 :
-
average rms voltage at harmonic frequency 3ω2
- X:
-
effective thickness of a flake
- β:
-
parameter in Eq. (11), defined in Eq. (12)
- ε:
-
strain
- φc :
-
critical volume fraction for interparticle network formation
- φf :
-
volume fraction of filler phase
- φm :
-
volume fraction of matrix phase
- φmax :
-
maximum packing fraction
- ρ:
-
density
- σ:
-
stress
- ψ:
-
parameter in Eq. (15), defined in Eq. (16)
- ω:
-
current frequency in radians/sec
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Bigg, D.M. (1995). Thermal conductivity of heterophase polymer compositions. In: Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Polymer Materials. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 119. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0021279
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0021279
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