Zusammenfassung
Gemäß der Theorie mentaler Modelle ziehen Individuen Schlußfolgerungen, indem sie Modelle der Situation konstruieren, die in den Prämissen beschrieben wird. Eine Aufgabe ist umso schwieriger, je mehr Modelle dabei konstruiert werden müssen. Byrne und Johnson-Laird (1989) bestätigten diese Vorhersage für räumliche Probleme, und Schaeken, Johnson-Laird und d’Ydewalle (1996 a, 1996 b) für zeitliche. Allerdings existiert in all diesen Arbeiten das folgende Problem: Alle Mehr-Modell-Aufgaben und einige der Ein-Modell-Aufgaben enthielten eine irrelevante Prämisse. Wie Rips (1994) anmerkte, ist es möglich, daß eine irrelevante Prämisse die Suche nach einer Ableitung behindert. In dieser Arbeit wird über ein Experiment berichtet, in dem explizit die Präsentation einer solchen irrelevanten Prämisse sowohl in Ein-Modellals auch in Mehr-Modell-Fällen variiert wurde. Die Ergebnisse stützen die Vorhersagen der Theorie mentaler Modelle.
Abstract
The mental model theory of reasoning postulates that individuals reason by constructing models of the situation described by premises. The more models reasoners have to build, the harder a problem will be. Byrne and Johnson-Laird (1989) confirmed this prediction with spatial problems and Schaeken et al. (1996 a, b) with temporal ones. There is, however, a problem with these studies. All the multiple-model problems and some of the one-model problems contained an irrelevant premise. As Rips (1994) argues, it is possible that an irrelevant premise would complicate the search for a derivation. The present paper reports an experiment which explicitly manipulated the presence of such an irrelevant premise in both one-model and multiple-model problems. The results corroborate the predictions of the mental model theory.
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Schaeken, W., Girotto, V. & Johnson-Laird, P.N. The Effect of an Irrelevant Premise on Temporal and Spatial Reasoning. Kognit. Wiss. 7, 27–32 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03354960
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03354960