Abstract
Supported gold catalysts were investigated in the selective gas phase hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene in an excess of propene (0.3% butadiene, 30% propene and 20% hydrogen), in order to simulate the process required for the purification of industrial alkenes streams to prevent poisoning of the polymerisation catalysts used for polyalkene production. Gold catalysts containing small gold particles (between 2 to 5 nm in average) are less active than commercial palladium catalysts, but they are much more selective. Under our experimental conditions, 100% of butadiene can be converted at ≈170°C into 100% butenes with 1-butene as the main product, and with only very small amount of alkanes formed (≈100 ppm). The absence or presence of propene does not drastically modify the rate of hydrogenation of butadiene.
Parameters directly related to the nature of the gold catalysts were also investigated. For a given preparation method (deposition-precipitation with urea (DPU)), gold particle size and gold loading, the nature of the oxide support (alumina, titania, zirconia, ceria) does not influence the gold reactivity. The variations of gold particle size and gold loading do not induce changes in the TOF (expressed per surface gold atoms). The method of preparation has an influence when it leaves chlorine in the samples (impregnation in excess of solution and anionic adsorption). In such a case, the gold catalysts are less active.
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About the authors Catherine Louis is currently researcher at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) at the Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS). Her research focuses on the preparation of supported metal catalysts and on the understanding of the chemical phenomena occurring during catalyst preparation. She has been working on gold catalysts since 2000. At LRS, she is the leader of a team entitled “Reactivity of Catalytic materials based on noble Metal and pseudo-Metals” comprising six permanent researchers. She is also the leader of the Group of Research “gold-nano” (see preface).
Laurent Delannoy is presently an Associate Professor in Inorganic Chemistry at the Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC — Paris 6). He received his PhD in Chemistry (Heterogeneous Catalysis) at the University of Science and Technology of Lille (France) in 2000. He joined the research group of Dr. Catherine Louis in 2002. His research interest involves the preparation and characterization of gold catalysts and the study of the performances of the gold catalysts in several hydrogenation and oxidation reactions.
Antoine Hugon is a PhD student at LRS. He is now writing his thesis on selective hydrogenation of dienes over gold-based catalysts. His thesis was financially supported both by the CNRS and the WGC. He graduated as a chemical engineer from ESCOM, Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale in 2003, where he studied organic chemistry and chemical engineering.
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Hugon, A., Delannoy, L. & Louis, C. Supported gold catalysts for selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene in the presence of an excess of alkenes. Gold Bull 41, 127–138 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03216590
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03216590