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Het bereik van preventieve interventies voor depressie

Mogelijkheden om deelname te bevorderen

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Samenvatting

Hoewel geïndiceerde preventie beschikbaar is voor ongeveer 80% van de Nederlandse bevolking tegen geen of geringe kosten neemt slechts een klein deel van de mensen met subklinische depressies daaraan deel. In dit artikel geven we een overzicht van dit probleem. In grote lijnen zijn er drie groepen oorzaken. Ten eerste oorzaken bij de potentiële deelnemers, zoals bijvoorbeeld dat zij zichzelf niet beschouwen als een hoogrisicogroep, dat zij zich niet bewust zijn van het feit dat zij een subklinische depressie hebben, dat zij veronderstellen dat de interventies niet effectief zijn en dat zij niet willen deelnemen vanwege het stigma dat geassocieerd is met depressie. Ten tweede zijn er oorzaken in de organisatie van de zorg, zoals de positionering in de tweede lijn. Ten derde zijn er oorzaken die te maken hebben met de recruteringswijze (open werving in de algemene bevolking). Mogelijke oplossingen kunnen gevonden worden in het organiseren van massamediale campagnes, de ontwikkeling van preventieve internetinterventies, aanpassing van interventies aan specifieke doelgroepen, een positionering van de interventies in de eerste lijn, integratie in ‘community’ interventies, en systematische screening van potentiële deelnemers. We concluderen dat hoewel preventie een belangrijke rol kan spelen bij de vermindering van de ziektelast van depressie, zullen we eerst moeten onderzoeken waarom de deelnamecijfers zo laag zijn en hoe dit verbeterd kan worden.

Abstract

Low participation rates in interventions preventing the onset of depressive disorders

Although indicated prevention of depression is available for about 80% of the Dutch population at no or minimal costs, only a small proportion of those with subthreshold depression makes use of these services. In this paper we give a description of the Dutch preventive services in mental health care and the problem of low participation rates. We also describe possible causes, which include causes in the participants, in the service system, and in the communication to the public about these services, as well as possible solutions to this problem. There are three main groups of reasons why the participation rates are low: reasons within the participants (e.g., who may not consider themselves as being at risk; who think the interventions are not effective; or are not willing to participate because of the stigma associated with depression); reasons within the health care system; and reasons associated with the communication about the preventive services. Possible solutions to solve the problem include the organisation of mass media campaigns, develop internet-based preventive interventions, adapting preventive interventions to the need of specific subpopulations, to position the services in primary care, to integrate the interventions in community-broad interventions, and to systematically screen high-risk groups for potential participants. We conclude that prevention may play an important role in public mental health to reduce the enormous burden of depression. However, before that can be realized more research is needed to explore why participation rates are low and how these rates can be improved.

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Correspondence to Pim Cuijpers.

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Afdeling Klinische Psychologie, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

EMGO+ Instituut, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam en VU Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam

Pim Cuijpers, afdeling Klinische Psychologie, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, tel. 020-5988757

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Cuijpers, P., Warmerdam, L., van Straten, A. et al. Het bereik van preventieve interventies voor depressie. TVGW 88, 278–284 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03089624

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