Résumé
Introduction
La douleur est une indication reconnue de la musicothérapie. De nombreuses études ont démontré son intérêt dans le traitement des douleurs aiguës ou chroniques. Les séances d’écoute musicale personnalisées modifient directement la sensation douloureuse en agissant par une contre-stimulation des fibres afférentes, un détournement de l’attention, une modification de l’humeur et par une décontraction musculaire. D’autres études montrent des corrélations entre le rythme musical et la fréquence cardio-respiratoire, et la pression artérielle.
Description de la méthode en «U»
La séquence musicale dure environ 20 à 45 minutes. Elle assemble plusieurs morceaux de quelques minutes chacun, fondus et enchaînés qui amènent progressivement le patient à la détente. L’effet agit par une réduction du rythme musical, de la formation orchestrale, des fréquences et du volume (phase descendante du «U»). Après une phase de détente maximum (partie basse du «U»), est enchaînée une phase re-dynamisante (branche ascendante du «U»). Des œuvres de musique instrumentale sont sélectionnées concernant un nombre varié de styles adapté à la demande du patient. Les montages musicaux sont diffusés individuellement au casque en position allongée. La relation tripolaire «soignant—musique—patient» est un outil majeur pour déclencher des émotions et permettre la verbalisation de la souffrance.
Conclusion
La musicothérapie est un traitement adjuvant efficace dans la prise en charge de la douleur. Cette technique non pharmacologique, modifie le vécu douloureux et ses conséquences sensorielles, cognitives, affectives, comportementales, limitant la consommation médicamenteuse.
Summary
Background
Pain is a recognized indication of musicotherapy. Numerous studies have proved its interest in the treatment of acute or chronic pains. Sessions of personalized muscial listening directly modified the painful sensation, acting through a counter-stimulation of the afferent fibers, a diversion of the attention, a change of mood and a muscular relaxation. Other studies show correlations between muscial rhythm and the cardio respiratory frequency, and blood pressure.
Description of the «U» method
Musical sessions last about 20 to 40 minutes. They comprise several pieces of music, each of them lasting a few minutes, blended and linked together which slowly bring the patient to relaxation. The effect acts through a reduction of musical rhythm, orchestra formation, frequency and volume (descending phase). After a phase of maximum relaxation (lower part of the «U»), follows a re-dynamizing phase (ascending branch of the «U»). Works of instrumental music are selected concerning a various number of styles adapted the patient’s request. Musical montages are diffused in a headset in the supine position. The three-polar relation nurse —music-patient is a major tool to release emotions and allow the verbalization of pain.
Conclusion
Musicotherapy is a adjuvant and efficient treatment in the taking of charge of pain. This nonpharmacologic technique modifies the painful experience and its sensorial, cognitive, affective and behavioural consequences, limiting the medicinal consumption.
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Guétin, S., Ginies, P., Blayac, J.P. et al. Une nouvelle technique contrôlée de musicothérapie dans la prise en charge des douleurs viscérales aiguës et chroniques. Doul. et Analg. 18, 19–25 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03014561
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03014561