Summary and Conclusions
The effect of 25 per cent cyclopropane, 0.5 per cent chloroform with 70 per cent nitrous oxide and 1 per cent trichlorethylene with 70 per cent nitrous oxide on the heart rate was observed during thirty-six acute experiments in dogs in which pulmonary ventilation was regulated, and the concentrations of the inhaled anaesthetics were accurately controlled. There was marked slowing of the heart rate with cyclopropane, slight slowing with chloroform, and little or no change with trichlorethylene. There was no significant difference m the heart rate in the animals that were premedicated with perphenazine 0.25 mg/kg, as compared to the unpremedicated animals.
Sensitization to epinephrine-provoked cardiac arrhythmias by a standard concentration and rate of injection (002 mg/ml/sec.) were observed, when the total dose was regulated according to the animals’ weight It was found that ventricular fibrillation was less likely to occur when epinephrine was injected during anaesthesia with 0.5 per cent chloroform than with 25 per cent cyclopropane, or with 1 per cent trichlorethylene. In a similar study with Fluothane and the azeotropic mixture of Fluothane and diethyl ether, the cardiac response to epinephrine with 0.5 per cent Fluothane was similar to that with 25 per cent cyclopropane, and the 1 per cent of the azeotropic mixture was similar to that with 0.5 per cent chloroform.
Premedication with perphenazine (0.25 mg./kg.) caused a significant reduction in the severity and duration of the cardiac arrhythmias provoked by epinephrine if pulmonary ventilation was adequate throughout the experiment, but did not cause reversal of the pressor response. It was suggested that the elimination of epinephrine-provoked cardiac arrhythmias by perphenazine would require such alteration in the depth of anaesthesia or dose of perphenazine as would reduce the validity of the results of these experiments for practical application.
Résumé
Nous avons étudié ľeffet sur le rythme cardiaque de 25 pour cent ie cyclopropane, de 0.5 pour cent de chloroforme avec 70 pour cent de protoxic e ďazote et de 1 pour cent de trichlorethylène avec 70 pour cent de protoxide ďazote chez trente-six chiens dont la ventilation pulmonaire était maintenue et dont les concentrations ďagents anesthésiques inhalés étaient précisément contrôlées. Nous avons observé un ralentissement marqué du csur avec le cyclopropane, un léger ralentissement avec le chloroforme et peu ou pas de changement avec le trichlorethylène Chez les animaux prémédiqués avec de la perphénazine 0.25 mg./kg., nous n’avons pas observé de différence dans le rythme cardiaque comparativement aux animaux non prémédiqués.
Nous avons observé une sensibilisation à provoquer des arythmies cardiaques par ľépméphrine à une concentration et à une vitesse ďinjection standard (0.02 mg./ml. sec.) lorsque la dose totale était calculée ďaprès le poids des animaux. Nous avons observé que la fibrillation ventriculaire était moins exposée à survenir lorsque ľépinéphrine était injectée durant ľanesthésie avec 0.5 Dour cent de chloroforme que durant ľanesthésie avec 25 pour cent de cyclopropane ou avec 1 pour cent de trichlorethylène. A la suite ďune étude semblable avec le Fluothane et le mélange azéotrope Fluothane et éther diéthylique, nous avons noté que la réponse cardiaque à ľépinéphrine avec 0 5 pour cent de Fluothane était semblable à celle observée avec 25 pour cent de cyclopropane et que celle de 1 pour centi du mélange azéotrope était semblable à celle de 0.5 pour cent de chloroforme.
La prémédication avec de la perphénazine (0 25 mg./kg.) a entraîné une réduction importante de la sévérité et de la durée des arythmies cardiaques provoquées par répméphrine à la condition que la ventilation pulmonaire soit adéquate durant toute ľexpérience, mais elle n’a pas inversé ľeffet presseur. Il nous a semblé que ľélimination par la perphénazine des arythmies ventriculaires provoquées par ľépinéphrine nécessiterait une telle profondeur ďanesthésie ou des doses telles de perphénazine que la valeur pratique des résultats de ces expériences serait bien diminuée.
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Supported in part by a grant-in-aid from Schering Corporation, Montreal, Canada.
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Dobkin, A.B., Donaldson, H. & Purkin, N. The effect of perphenazine on epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias in dogs. II, anaesthesia with cyclopropane, chloroform, and trichlorethylene. Canad. Anaesth. Soc. J. 6, 251–262 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03014247
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03014247