Abstract
Xenon (Xe) may cause an increase in airway resistance due to its high density and viscosity. The object of this study was to examine the effects of Xe on pulmonary resistance using dog models with normal and methacholine-treated airways. During anaesthesia 22 mongrel dogs’ tracheas were intubated and the lungs were mechanically ventilated with 70% N2/30% O2 as a control gas. The gases 70% nitrous oxide (N2O), 50% N2O, 70% Xe and 50% Xe were administered in a random order for 25 min. Bronchoconstriction was produced by a continuous infusion of methacholine, 0.22 mg · kg−1 · hr−1. Pulmonary resistance (Rl) was calculated by the isovolume method using flow at the airway opening, volume and transpulmonary pressure. In normal dogs,Rl breathing 70% Xe (mean ± SEM, 0.84 ± 0.12 cm H2O · L−1 · sec−1) was greater (P < 0.05) than with 70% N2O, 50% N2O or control gas (0.61 ± 0.08, 0.59 ± 0.06 and 0.62 ± 0.06 cm H2O · L−1 sec−1). Breathing 50% Xe theRL (0.77 ± 0.10 cm H2O · L−1 · sec−1) was not different from 50% N2O or control. Methacholine infusion increasedRL 3.92 ± 1.98 (mean ± SD) times. TheRL breathing 50% Xe (2.55 ± 0.44 cm H2O · L−1 · sec−1) was not greater than during 50% N2O or control (2.08 ± 0.33 and 2.13 ± 0.33 cm H2O · L−1 · sec−1) in methacholine-treated dogs. The data suggest that inhalation of high concentrations of Xe increases airway resistance, but only to a modest extent in dogs with normal or methacholine-treated airways.
Résumé
A cause de sa densité et de sa viscosité élevées, le Xénon (Xe) peut augmenter la résistance des voies aériennes. Le but de ce travail consiste à étudier les effets du Xe sur la résistance pulmonaire de chiens aux voies aériennes normales ou traitées à la méthacholine. Pendant l’anesthésie, la trachée de 22 chiens batards est intubée et les chiens sont ventilés mécaniquement avec le gaz contrôle (70% N2/30% O2). Du protoxyde d’azote (N2O) 70%, 50% N2O, 70% Xe et 50% Xe sont administrés aléatoirement pour 25 min. La bronchoconstriction est produite par une perfusion continue de méthacholine, 0,22 mg · kg−1 · hr−1. La résistance pulmonaire (Rl) est calculée selon la méthode de lïsovolume avec la mesure du débit à l’entrée des voies aériennes, du volume et de la pression transpulmonaire. Chez les chiens normaux, laRl sous 70% Xe (moyenne ± SEM, 0,84 ± 0,12 cm H2O · L−1 · sec−1) est plus élevée (P < 0,05) qu’avec 70% N2O, 50% N2O et qu’avec le gaz contrôle (0,61 ± 0,08, 0,59 ± 0,06 et 0,62 ± 0,06 cm H2O · L−1 · sec−1). Sous 50% Xe, laRl (0,77 ± 0,10 cm H2O · L−1 · sec−1) ne diffère pas du 50% N2O ou du contrôle. La perfusion de méthacholine augmente laRl 3,92 ± 1,98 (moyenne ± SD) fois. Sous 50% Xe, laRl (2,55 ± 0,44 cmH2O · L−1 · sec−1) n’est pas plus élevée que sous 50% N2O ou que sous le gaz contrôle (2,08 ± 0,33 et 2,13 ± 0,33 cmH2O · L−1 · sec−1) chez les chiens traités à la méthacholine. Ces données suggèrent que l’inhalation de hautes concentrations de Xe augmente la résistance des voies aériennes, mais modérément seulement, chez les chiens aux des voies aériennes normales ou traitées à la méthacholine.
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Zhang, P., Ohara, A., Mashimo, T. et al. Pulmonary resistance in dogs: a comparison of xenon with nitrous oxide. Can J Anaesth 42, 547–553 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03011696
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03011696