Abstract
Citric acid is finding new areas of use each year and the demand for the acid is constantly increasing. Being a bulk chemical, the continuous production of citric acid would be advantageous. The paper presents the results from ammonia limited batch and continuous fermentations using the yeast strainSaccharomycopsis (Candida) lipolytica (NRRL Y-7576). Mathematical models were developed for growth and glucose utilization in batch and continuous culture. Cell and acid yields appeared to be almost the same in batch and continuous culture. The specific production rates were found to be constant, equal to 0.053 g/g h, in the batch fermentations but varied in the continuous experiments from 0 to 0.11 g/g h depending on the fermentation conditions. Continuous production in a single stage CSTR was studied for over 1,000 hours without shutdown.
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Abbreviations
- [CIT]:
-
Citric acid concentration (anhydrous) g/L
- D:
-
Dilution rate h-1
- [GLU]:
-
Glucose concentration g/L
- [ISO]:
-
Isocitric acid concentration g/L
- K:
-
Constant in growth equations h-1
- [NH3]:
-
Ammonia concentration g/L
- t:
-
Time h
- X:
-
Dry weight cell concentration g/L
- [YE]:
-
Yeast extract concentration g/L
- YA/G :
-
Actual acid yield on glucose g/g
- YA/Y :
-
Ammonia equivalent of yeast extract g/g
- YX/G :
-
Actual cell yield on glucose g/g
- YX/N :
-
Overall cell yield on ammonia g/g
- YX/N :
-
Cell yield on ammonia at beginning of batch g/g
- β:
-
Specific growth rate of cells h-1
- v:
-
Specific production rate of acids g/g h
- o:
-
Initial concentration in batch
- f:
-
Feed concentration in continuous
- c:
-
Continuous
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Klasson, T.K., Clausen, E.C. & Gaddy, J.L. Continuous fermentation for the production of citric acid from glucose. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 20, 491–509 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02936505
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02936505