Abstract
A novel immunosensing device based on a piezoelectric sensor for direct detection of the biological warfare agentFrancisella tularensis was developed. This sensor includes mouse polyclonal antibody immobilized in a layer of protein A covalently linked to the gold electrode of the sensor. The immunosensor is able to detectF. tularensis with the limit of detection 105 CFU/mL with a typical measuring cycle >5 min. The sensor was successfully evaluated for rapid detection ofF. tularensis spikes in drinking water and milk; no deterioration of sensitivity in comparison with buffer solutions was observed. The proposed concept of a rapid measurement of microbial agents seems to be promising for evaluation of samples after short pre-cultivation enrichment.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- BTA:
-
biothreat alert
- BWA:
-
biological warfare agent
- ELISA:
-
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- LD50 :
-
lethal dose
- LOD:
-
limit of detection
- LPS:
-
lipopolysaccharide
- PBS:
-
phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR:
-
polymerase chain reaction
- PZ:
-
piezoelectric
- QCM:
-
quartz crystal microbalance
- RAPID:
-
ruggedized advanced pathogen identification device
References
Carter R.M., Mekalanos J.J., Jacobs M.B., Lubrano G.J., Guilbault G.G.: Quartz crystal microbalance detection ofVibrio cholerae O139 serotype.J.Immunol.Meth. 187, 121–125 (1995).
Christensen D.R., Hartman L.J., Loveless B.M., Frye M.S., Shipley M.A., Bridge D.L., Richards M.J., Kaplan R.S., Garrison J., Baldwin C.D., Kulesh D.A., Norwood D.A.: Detection of biological threat agents by real-time PCR: comparison of assay performance on the R.A.P.I.D., the light cycler, and the smart cycler platforms.Clin.Chem. 52, 141–145 (2006).
Cirino N.M., Musser K.A., Egan C.: Multiplex diagnostic platforms for detection of biothreat agents.Expert Rev.Mol.Diagn. 4, 841–857 (2004).
Dennis D.T., Iglesby T.V., Henderson D.A., Bartlett J.G., Ascher M.S., Eitzen E., Fine A.D., Friedlander A.M., Hauer J., Layton M., Lillibridge S.R., McDade J.E., Osterholm M.T., O’Toole T., Parker G., Perl T.M., Russell P.K., Tonat K.: Tularemia as a biological weapon — medical and public health management.J.Am.Med.Assoc. 285, 2763–2773 (2001).
Emanuel P.A., Bell R., Dang J.L., McClanahan R., David J.C., Burgess R.J., Thompson J., Collins L., Hadfield T.: Detection ofFrancisella tularensis within infected mouse tissues by using a hand-held PCR thermocycler.J. Clin.Microbiol. 41, 689–693 (2003).
Fujita O., Tatsumi M., Tanabayashi K., Yamada A.: Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification ofFrancisella tularensis.Japan.J.Infect.Dis. 59, 46–51 (2006).
Grunow R., Splettstoesser W., McDonald S., Otterbein C., O’Brien T., Morgan C., Aldrich J., Hofer E., Finke E.J., Meyer H.: Detection ofFrancisella tularensis in biological specimens using a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an immunochromatographic hand-held assay, and a PCR.Clin.Diagn.Lab.Immunol. 7, 86–90 (2000).
Jacobs M.B., Carter R.M., Lubrano G.J., Guilbault G.G.: A piezoelectric biosensor forListeria monocytogenes.Am.Lab. 27, 26–28 (1995).
Johansson A., Forsman M., Sjostedt A.: The development of tools for diagnosis of tularemia and typing ofFrancisella tularensis.APMIS 112, 898–907 (2004).
McAvin J.C., Morton M.M., Roudabush R.M., Atchley D.H., Hickman J.R.: Identification ofFrancisella tularensis using realtime fluorescence polymerase chain reaction.Mil.Med. 169, 330–333 (2004).
O’Brien T., Johnson L.H., Aldrich J.L., Allen S.G., Liang L.T., Plummer A.L., Krak S.J., Boiarski A.A.: The development of immunoassays to four biological threat agents in a bidiffractive grating biosensor.Biosens.Bioelectron. 14, 815–828 (2000).
Plomer M., Guilbault G.G., Hock B.: Development of a piezoelectric immunosenzor for the detection ofEnterobacteria.Enzyme Microb.Technol. 14, 230–235 (1992).
Pohanka M., Skládal P.: Piezoelectric immunosensor forFrancisella tularensis detection using immunoglobulin M in a limiting dilution.Anal.Lett. 38, 411–422 (2005).
Ramachandran A., Flinchbaugh J., Ayoubi P., Olah G.A., Malayer J.R.: Target discrimination by surface-immobilized molecular beacons designed to detectFrancisella tularensis.Biosens.Bioelectron. 19, 727–736 (2004).
Shapiro D.S., Schwartz D.R.: Exposure of laboratory workers toFrancisella tularensis despite a bioterrorism procedure.J.Clin.Microbiol. 40, 2278–2281 (2002).
Skládal P.: Piezoelectric quartz crystal sensors applied for bioanalytical assays and characterization of affinity interactions.J.Brazil Chem.Soc. 14, 491–502 (2003).
Song L.N., Ahn A., Walt D.R.: Fiber-optic microsphere-based array for multiplexed biological warfare agent detection.Anal.Chem. 78, 1023–1033 (2006).
Splettstoesser W.D., Tomaso H., Al Dahouk S., Neubauer H., Schuff-Werner P.: Diagnosis procedures in tularemia with special focus on molecular and immunological techniques.J.Vet.Med.Ser.B 52, 249–261 (2005).
Vivekananda J., Kiel J.L.: Anti-Francisella tularensis DNA aptamers detect tularemia antigen from different subspecies by aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay.Lab.Invest. 86, 610–618 (2006).
Weintraub A.: Immunology of bacterial polysaccharide antigens.Carbohydr.Res. 338, 2539–2547 (2003).
Wong Y.Y., Ng S.P., Ng M.H., Si S.H., Yao S.Z., Fung Y.S.: Immunosensor for the differentiation and detection ofSalmonella species based on a quartz crystal microbalance.Biosens.Bioelectron. 17, 676–684 (2002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pohanka, M., Skládal, P. Piezoelectric immunosensor for the direct and rapid detection ofFrancisella tularensis . Folia Microbiol 52, 325–330 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02932086
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02932086