Abstract
The purpose in this study was to examine predictive relationships between the Slingerland Pre- Reading Screening Procedures and performance on measures of word recognition and reading comprehension. Longitudinal data were collected on 104 children administered the Slingerland Procedures in kindergarten and the Stanford Achievement Test at first, third, and fifth grades. Outcome measures included achievement subtests, Word Study Skills, Reading Comprehension, Reading and Listening Total. Significant relationships were found between Slingerland measures and reading outcomes. However, prediction varied across grades and according to the measure of reading used. Listening contributed to reading comprehension but not to word recognition, and visual skills influenced early but not later reading performance. Gender and socioeconomic status influenced the strength of associations.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Adams, M. J. 1979. Some differences between good and poor readers.In M. L. Kamil and A. J. Moe (eds.).Reading Research: Studies and applications. Clemson: National Reading Conference.
Badian, N. 1988. The prediction of good and poor reading before kindergarten entry: A nine-year follow-up.Journal of Learning Disabilities 21:98–103.
Blachman, B. 1983. Are we assessing the linguistic factors critical in early reading?Annals of Dyslexia 33:91–109.
Bradley, L. and Bryant, P. 1985.Rhyme and Reason in Reading and Spelling. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Chall, J. 1983.Stages of Reading Development. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Curtis, M. 1980. Development of components of reading skill.Journal of Educational Psychology 72:656–669.
Dreisbach, M. and Keogh, B. K. 1982. Testwiseness as a factor in readiness test performance of young Mexican-American children.Journal of Educational Psychology 74:224–229.
Ehri, L. and Wilce, L. 1985. Movement into reading: Is the first stage of printed word learning visual or phonetic?Reading Research Quarterly 20:163–179.
Fulmer, S. P. and Fulmer, R. 1983. The Slingerland Tests. Reliability and validity.Journal of Learning Disabilities 16:591–595.
Gandara, P., Keogh, B. K., Yoshioka-Maxwell, B. 1980. Predicting academic performance of Anglo and Mexican-American kindergarten children.Psychology in the Schools 17:174–177.
Gough, P. and Hillinger, M. L. 1980. Learning to read: An unnatural act.Bulletin of the Orton Society 30:179–196.
Jansky, J. and deHirsch, K. 1972.Preventing Reading Failure. New York: Harper and Row.
Jansky, J., Hoffman, M. T., Layton, J. and Sugar, F. 1989. Prediction: A six-year follow up.Annals of Dyslexia 39:227–246.
Kapelis, L. 1975. Early identification of reading failure: A comparison of two screening tests and teacher forecasts.Journal of Learning Disabilities 8:638–641.
Keogh, B. K., Sears, S., and Royal, N. 1988. Slingerland screening and instructional approaches for children at-risk for school.In R. Masland and M. Masland (eds.).Preschool Prevention of Reading Failure. Parkton: York Press.
Lindsey, G. A. and Wedell, K. 1982. The early identification of educationally “at risk” children revisited.Journal of Learning Disabilities 5:212–217.
Mann, V. 1984. Longitudinal prediction and prevention of early reading difficulty.Annals of Dyslexia 34:117–136.
Meehl, P. E. and Rosen, A. 1955. Antecedent probability and efficiency of psychometric signs, patterns or cutting scores.Psychological Bulletin 52:194–216.
Rumelhart, D. E. 1977. Toward an interactive model of reading.In S. Dornic and P. Rabbitt (eds.).Attention and Performance IV. Hillsdale: L. Erlbaum.
Satz, P. and Fletcher, J. 1988. Early identification of learning disabled children: An old problem revisited.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 56:824–829.
Satz, P., Taylor, G., Friel, J., and Fletcher, J. 1978. Some developmental and predictive precursors of reading disabilities: A six year follow-up.In A. L. Benton and D. Pearl (eds.).Dyslexia: An appraisal of current knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press.
Silver, A. 1978. Prevention.In A. L. Benton and D. Pearl (eds.).Dyslexia: An appraisal of current knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press.
Slingerland, B. 1977.Revised Pre-Reading Screening Procedures. Cambridge: Educators Publishing Service.
Stanovich, K. 1988. Explaining the differences between the dyslexic and the garden variety poor reader: The phonological-core-variable difference model.Journal of Learning Disabilities 21:590–604.
Stanovich, K., Cunningham, A., and Feeman, D. 1984. Intelligence, cognitive skills, and early reading progress.Reading Research Quarterly 19:278–303.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The authors wish to thank Dr. Nancy Royal of the Prentice School and the Chula Vista Unified School District for access to research data.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sears, S., Keogh, B. Predicting reading performance using the slingerland procedures. Annals of Dyslexia 43, 78–89 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02928175
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02928175