Abstract
Candida utilis cultivated under batch conditions in a synthetic medium with a mixture of different carbon sources utilized first d-glucose and then d-galactose, d-mannose, d-xylose, l-arabinose, ethanol and acetic acid. The effect of acetic acid was primarily a function of pH and the physiological state of the inoculum. At pH 4.5, acetic acid at a concentration of 1 g/1 increased the specific growth rate, reduced time of cultivation and increased yield of the yeast dry weight. The yield from acetic acid was 61 %. In the presence of a higher content of acetic acid (3 — 6 g/1) the yield was only 18 — 26 %. The yield calculated only from monosaccharides increased but the yield with respect to total carbon sources was lower. The specific growth rate decreased as well. The addition of ethanol also resulted in an increase of the production and yield of the yeast dry weight but the cultivation time was prolonged. The simultaneous utilization of carbon sources of the studied mixture modelling a sulphite fermentation medium with ethanol is advantageous. However, due to physiology of the yeast, it is most suitable to cultivate a strain adapted to utilizable carbon sources in a continuous way, in the presence of their limiting concentrations in the cultivation medium.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Adámek L., Rut M., Štros F.: Accumulation of acetic acid during cultivation of the yeastCandida utilis on ethanol. (In Czech)Kvas. prům. 22, 153 (1976).
Andreev K. P.: On the rate of biosynthetic processes during the aerobic growth ofTorulopsis utilis in media containing different sugars. (In Russian)Mikrobiologiya 30, 313 (1961).
Andreev K. P., Boboreko Z. A., Semushina T. N., Akura V. D., Monakhova N. I.: A new synthetic medium for growth of yeasts. (In Russian)Gidrol. Lesoch. Pron. 22, 1 (1870).
Arima S., Shibukawa M., Ohuchi S.: Bacterial formation and extracellular accumulation of l-glutamic acid from the mixture of sugar and acetate. Part II. Acetate metabolic pathway shift depending on the residual acetate concentration in the medium.J. Agr. Chem. Soc. Japan 43, 758 (1969).
Barinova N. G., Semushina T. N., Basyushchicheva L. V.: Cultivation of the yeastCandida scotii on sulphite waste media. (In Russian)Gidrol. Lesoch. Prom. 27, 7 (1975).
Burger M., Hejmová L., Kleinzeller A.: Transport of some mono- and di-saccharides into yeast cells.Biochem. J. 71, 233 (1959).
Fencl Z.: Some theoretical problems of the continuous production of fodder yeasts (In Czech), p. 56 in Kontinvální výroba krmnýchkvasnic (Collective of authors). State Publishing House of Technical Literature, Prague 1962.
Fencl Z.,Burger M.: Some aspects of continuous culture of food yeast.Symp. Continuous Cultivation of Microorganisms, Prague 1968.
Gonzáles E.: Two-carbon assimilative capacity and the induction of isocitrate lyase inSaccharomyces cerevisiae.J. Bacteriol. 129, 1343 (1977).
Huňková Z.: On the toxicity of fatty acids in yeasts. (In Czech) Dissertation thesis. Institute of Microbiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague 1972.
Ikeda S., Ishizaki A., Hirose Y.: Acid-base equilibrium in aerobic fermentations. Influence of unutilizable acids and bases on the acetic acid concentration in culture liquid.Biotechnol. Bioeng. 15, 1147 (1973).
Kinsel N. A., Leathen W. W.: Process for cultivation acetic acid-containing yeasts.US Pat. 3 775 252 (1973).
Ko R. Y. C., Edwards V. H.: Transient kinetics of yeast growth in batch and continuous culture with an inhibitory carbon and energy source.Biotechnol. Bioeng. 17, 965 (1975).
Kryuchkova A. P., Vorob’eva G. A.: Organic acids as carbon source in fodder yeasts. (In Russian)Gidrol. Lesoch. Prom. 16, 9 (1964).
Málek I., Burger M., Hejmová L.: Assimilation of sugars and acids during the continuous cultivation of yeasts in undiluted sulphite waste liquors. (In Czech) Čs.mikrobiol. 2, 203 (1957).
Mostecký J., Barta J., Němec M., Slíva O., Čtros F., Vernerová J.: Production of yeast proteins from sulphite waste liquors and distillery slops.Czech. Pat. 174 431 (1976).
Nakamura J., Miyashiro S., Okada H.: Method of producing yeast cells.US Pat. 3 887 435 (1975).
Neal A. L., Weinstock J. O., Lampen J. O.: Mechanisms of fatty acid toxicity for yeast.J. Bacteriol. 90, 126 (1954).
Ogata K., Nishikawa H., Ohsugi M.: Acetate utilization for yeast cell grown as sole carbon source.Agr. Biol. Chem. 33, 977 (1969).
Pineault G., Pruden B. B., Loufti H.: The effects of mixing, temperature and nutrient concentration on the fermentation of a mixed sugar solution simulating the hexose content of waste sulphite liquor.Can. J. Chem. Eng. 55, 333 (1977).
Průchová E.,Rychtera M.,Grégr V.: Problems of the transient production of acetic acid during growth of the yeastCandida utilis on ethanol. IIIrd Conference of the Czechoslovak Chemical Society. Rationalization of fermentation processes and economic information, Zvíkovské Podhradí 1977.
Rosa M., Štros F., Vernerová J., Šestáková M., Adámek M., Rut M.: Fermentation of sodium-bisulphite waste liquors with the addition of synthetic ethanol. (In Czech) Final Report P-08-322-030/02. Research Institute of Fodder Industry, Prague 1977.
Rychtera M., Barta J., Fiechter, A., Einsele A. A.: Several aspects of the yeast cultivation on sulphite waste liquor and synthetic ethanol.Process Biochem. 12, 26 (1977).
Sapotnickiy S. A.: Utilization of sulphite, waste liquors (In Russian) Goslesbumizdat, Moscow-Leningrad 1960.
Semushina T. N., Stakhorskaya L. K., Monakhova N. I.: Utilization of various sugars by cultures of fodder yeasts. (In Russian)Mikrobiologiya 32, 863 (1963).
Semushina T. N., Gusarova L. A., Monakhova N. I., Lukyanova V. V., Balashevich I. I.: The yeastsCandida scotii — fundamental protein producers on hydrolyzed media. (In Russian)Mikrobiologiya 63, 672 (1974).
Šestáková M.: Gas Chromatographic determination of ethanol and its volatile metabolites during production of yeast mass from synthetic ethanol. (In Czech) Final Report of the Postgraduate Study, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague 1976a.
Šestáková M.: Assimilation spectrum of the yeastCandida utilis 49 used for producing fodder yeast from synthetic ethanol.Folia Microbiol. 21, 384 (1976b).
Shaltiel S. (Ed.):Metabolic Interconversion of Enzymes 1975. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1976.
Sustina R. N., Gradova N. B., Ruban E. L.: Effect of pH of the medium on development of the astyeCandida guilliermondii during cultivation in media containing organic acids. (In Russian)Priklad. Biochem. Mikrobiol. 9, 333 (1973).
Shvets V. N., Ogorodnikov A. N., Tslyusarenko T. P.: Effect of volatile organic acids of molasses on alcohol fermentation, quality and yield of alcohol in baker’s yeasts. (In Russian)Ferment. Spirtov. Prom. 52, 40 (1976).
Vernerová J., Štros F., Šestáková M.: The increased production of fodder yeasts on sulphite waste liquors after the addition of synthetic ethanol. (In Czech) Final Report P-230-01/2, Research Institute of Fodder Industry, Prague 1974.
Zabrodskii A. G.: Production cf fodder yeasts in molasses distillery plants. (In Russian)Izdat. Pishch. Prom., Moscow 1972.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Šestáková, M. Growth ofCandida utilis on a mixture of monosaccharides, acetic acid and ethanol as a model of waste sulphite liquor. Folia Microbiol 24, 318–327 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02926651
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02926651