Abstract
Social learning theory-based models have recently provided the foundation for a series of twelve controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction intervention studies that have examined sexual behavior change. These interventions have been tested with adolescents, gay and bisexual men, inner-city women, college students, and seriously mentally ill adults. We report the first meta-analysis of these intervention studies. We found that, as expected, the mean weighted effect of HIV-risk reduction interventions on behavioral outcomes was positive and strongly significant (d+=0.25). Moreover, the studies’ effect sizes were consistently positive, ranging from 0.11 to 0.53, and were largest when the outcomes were measured close in time to the intervention. We discuss other methodological challenges that, if solved, should enhance the success of future HIV-risk reduction interventions.
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Preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Center Grant P30-MH52776; NIMH Grant R01-MH53780 to Seth C. Kalichman; NIMH Grant K21-MH01101 to Michael P. Carey; and NIMH Grant K21-MH01377 to Blair T. Johnson.
The authors wish to thank Jeffrey A. Kelly, Stephen A. Maisto, and the reviewers for their valuable comments on an earlier draft of this article.
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Kalichman, S.C., Carey, M.P. & Johnson, B.T. Prevention of sexually transmitted HIV infection: A meta-analytic review of teh behavioral outcome literature. Ann Behav Med 18, 6–15 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02903934
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02903934