Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed protein extracts from 1,603 accessions obtained from 15 Asian countries or regions (not including Japan) were analyzed for the presence of alleles of 2 proteins. Three alleles of the Kunitz. trypsin inhibitor orSBTI-A 2 designated asTi a,Ti b andTi c are electrophoretically distinguishable from one another by their different Rf values of 0.79, 0.75 and 0.83, respectively. The Sp1 seed protein or β-amylase has 2 alleles designatedSp1 a andSp 1 b which are electrophoretically distinguishable from one another by their Rf values 0.36 and 0.42.
About 94 percent of the soybean accessions had theTi a allele. Two accessions from Korea,P.I. 157440 andP.I. 196168, do not have theSBTI-A2 protein(ti). Two accessions, one from Pakistan and the other from Korea, were identified as having theTi c allele. Only the Korean and central Indian soybean populations have a high frequency for theTi b allele. Within Korea, the soybeans from those districts that lie closest to Japan have a high frequency for theTi b allele whereas the soybeans from those districts that lie closest to China have a low frequency for theTi b allele. TheTi b allele is not present in soybeans from the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Burma, Nepal, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Only 1 accession each from Taiwan and Indonesia have theTi b allele.
TheSp 1 a allele is not present in soybeans from Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The highest frequency for theSp1 a allele occurs in soybean germ plasm from northern India and Nepal.
The soybeans from Asia (including Japan) were divided into 3 gene centers— primary, secondary, and tertiary—containing 7 germ plasm pools. Paths of dissemination of the soybean from China to the rest of Asia were developed based upon a combination of electrophoretic data and available historical, agronomic, and biogeographical literature.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Literature Cited
Boulnois, L. 1966. The Silk Road. (Trans, by D. Chamberlain.) Dutton, New York.
Departemen Pertanian. n.d. Silsilah Dan Varian, Berberapa Varitas Tanaman Pertanian, Lembaga Pusat Penelitian Pertanian, Bogor, Indonesia.
Harlan, J. R. 1975. Geographic patterns of variation in some cultivated plants. J. Heredity 66: 182–191.
Hildebrand, D. F., and T. Hymowitz. 1980. The Sp1 locus in soybeans codes for β-amylase. Crop Sci. 20: 165–168.
Ho, P. T. 1975. The Cradle of the East. Chinese Univ. Hong Kong and Univ. Chicago Press, Hong Kong.
Hyland, H. L. 1974. Plant Inventory No. 179. USDA, Washington, D.C.
Hymowitz, T. 1969. The soybeans of the Kumaon Hills of India. Econ. Bot. 23: 50–54.
—. 1970. On the domestication of the soybean. Econ. Bot. 24: 408–421.
—, and H. H. Hadley. 1972. Inheritance of a trypsin inhibitor variant in seed protein of soybeans. Crop Sci. 12: 197–198.
—, and N. Kaizuma. 1979. Dissemination of soybeans(Glycine max): Seed protein electrophoresis profiles among Japanese cultivars. Econ. Bot. 33: 311–319.
Kale, F. S. 1937. Soya Bean. 2nd edit. F. Doctor., Baroda, India.
Kwon, S. H. 1972. History and the land races of Korean soybean. Sabrao Newslett. 4: 107–111.
Larsen, A. L. 1967. Electrophoretic differences in seed proteins among varieties of soybeans,Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Crop Sci. 7: 311–313.
—, and B. E. Caldwell. 1968. Inheritance of certain proteins in soybean seed. Crop Sci. 8: 474–476.
Lo, H. L. 1961. The southward expansion of Chinese civilization and the advancement of learning in Kwangtung Province.In Symposium on Historical, Archaeological and Linguistic Studies on Southern China, South-East Asia and the Hong Kong Region. F. S. Drake, general editor. Univ. Hong Kong Press, Hong Kong.
Nagata, T. 1960. Studies on the differentiation of soybeans in Japan and the world. Mem. Hyogo Univ. Agric. 3 (Agron. Series No. 4): 63–102.
Orf, J. H., and T. Hymowitz. 1976a. The gene symbolsSp1a andSp1b assigned to Larsen and Caldwell’s seed protein bands A and B. Soybean Genet. Newslett. 3: 27–28.
—, and T. Hymowitz. 1976b. Inheritance of a second trypsin inhibitor variant in seed protein of soybeans. Crop Sci. 17: 811–813.
—, and T. Hymowitz. 1979. Inheritance of the absence of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor in seed protein of soybeans. Crop Sci. 19: 107–109.
Prince Dhaninavat. 1961. Thai migrations.In Symposium on Historical, Archaeological and Linguistic Studies on Southern China, South-East Asia and the Hong Kong Region. F. S. Drake, general editor. Univ. Hong Kong Press, Hong Kong.
Rackis, J. J., H. A. Sasame, R. K. Mann, R. L. Anderson, and A. K. Smith. 1962. Soybean trypsin inhibitors: Isolation, purification and physical properties. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 98: 471–478.
Russell, P. G. 1954. Plant Inventory No. 155. USDA, Washington, D.C.
-. 1956. Plant Inventory No. 157. USDA, Washington, D.C.
-. 1957. Plant Inventory No. 159. USDA, Washington, D.C.
-. 1958. Plant Inventory No. 161. USDA, Washington, D.C.
Ryerson, K. A. 1932. Plant Inventory No. 106. USDA, Washington, D.C.
-. 1933. Plant Inventory No. 107. USDA, Washington, D.C.
Shen, T. H. 1951. Soybeans.In Agricultural Resources of China. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York.
Singh, L., C. M. Wilson, and H. H. Hadley. 1969. Genetic differences in soybean trypsin inhibitors separated by disc electrophoresis. Crop Sci. 9: 489–491.
Vavilov, N. I. 1951. The Origin, Variation, Immunity, and Breeding of Cultivated Plants. (Trans, by K.S. Chester.) Chronica Botanica, Waltham, Massachusetts. Reprinted by Ronald Press, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Contribution from the Crop Evolution Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801. Research supported in part by the Illinois Agric. Exp. Sta., and the Illinois Crop Improv. Assoc.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hymowitz, T., Kaizuma, N. Soybean seed protein electrophoresis profiles from 15 Asian countries or regions: Hypotheses on paths of dissemination of soybeans from China. Econ Bot 35, 10–23 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02859210
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02859210