Abstract
A study was conducted to obtain more information on the effects of soil moisture and nitrogen on yield and quality of the Russet Burbank potato.
Total yield of tubers increased with nitrogen rates as a result of more tubers per plant and larger tubers but the percent of malformed tubers also increased. Increased nitrogen rates decreased of dry matter of tubers and increased the total amino-nitrogen content of the tubers.
Placing all of the nitrogen in bands on each side of the row produced more tubers having growth cracks, culls and reduced yield of No. 1’s when compared with broadcasting.
Applying a moisture stress to potato plants during the early tuber set period increased the percentage of malformed tubers having pointed stem ends, bottlenecks and dumbbell shapes; although total yield and grade of tubers were not significantly affected. Irrigating when available soil moisture was 75 or 85 percent instead of 65 percent during the growing season did not affect total yield, grade or tuber quality at the five percent probability level.
Resumen
Se realizó un estudio para obtener mayor información sobre los efectos de la humedad el nitrógeno sobre rendimiento y calidad de la papa Russet Burbank.
El rendimiento total de tubérculos incrementó las dosis de nitrógeno como resultado de un mayor número de tubéculos por planta y de su mayor tamaño; pero aumentó el porcentaje de tubérculos mal formados. Asimismo, el incremento de las dosis de nitrogeno decreció el porcentaje de materia seca e incrementó el contenido de nitrógeno total y amino de los tubérculos.
Colocando todo el nitrógeno en bandas a cada lado de la hilera, se produjo mayor numero de tubérculos con rajaduras, tubérculos sin valor comercial y redujo el rendimiento de tubérculos No. 1 en comparación con la incorporatión del abono esparcido. Sometiendo las plantas de papa a un periodo de deficit hídrico durante el inicio de la tuberización, se incrementó el porcentaje de tubérculos malformados con la zona apical alargada, constricciones y otras deformaciones, aunque el rendimiento total y el grado de los tubérculos no fueron significativamente afectados. Aumentando de 65% a 85% la humedad disponible previa a cada irrigación durante la estación de crecimiento, no afectó el rendimiento total, el grado o calidad de los tubérculos a nivel de 5% de significación estadística.
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Approved for publication by the Director of the Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843 as Research Paper No. 7452.
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Painter, C.G., Augustin, J. The effect of soil moisture and nitrogen on yield and quality of the Russet Burbank potato. American Potato Journal 53, 275–284 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02855025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02855025