Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the utility of systematic screening at the genotype level withinSolanum accessions highly resistant to the Colorado potato beetle. Evaluations of clonally replicated genotypes showed that most accessions reported to be uniform when screened as populations contained small but significant variation among genotypes for resistance to oviposition, larvae, and defoliation, differences for numbers of larvae being most common. Adult counts and percentage defoliation were not as useful in evaluating among-genotype variability in beetle resistance. Genotypes ofS. pinnatisectum WRF 343 andS. tarijense PI 473227 were the most uniformly and highly resistant to Colorado potato beetle. Genotypes of S.berthaultii PI 473331,S. chacoense PI 473405, andS. tarijense PI 473336 were moderately to highly resistant, and genotypes ofS. bukasovii PI 473494 andS. canasense PI 230511 were uniformly susceptible to Colorado potato beetle. Nonparametric correlation analyses indicated that number of egg masses, small larvae, large larvae, and defoliation scores were positively correlated, negatively correlated, or not correlated, depending on the species. One generation of selection attempting to segregate resistance and susceptibility in nearly uniform and highly resistantS. pinnatisectum WRF 343 resulted in “divergent” populations that could not be distinguished from each other or the base population. Thus, through genotype (“fine”) screening and selection, we showed that some existing populations are virtually pure for extreme resistance. Use of individuals from such families would make screening breeding populations more efficient, and reduce the risk of losing resistance genes that have non-dominant effects. Fine screening, recurrent selection, and maintenance of such elite populations is recommended as an extension of population-based evaluation usually done by genebanks.
Compendio
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la utilidad de la evaluación sistemática a nivel de genotipo entre accesiones deSolanum con alta resistencia al gorgojo Colorado de la papa. A pesar que muchas de las accesiones analizadas a nivel poblacional habian sido reportadas como uniformes, la evaluación de genotipos reproducidos clonalmente demostró que existe una variación significativa en la resistencia a la postura de huevos, larvas y defoliación, siendo la diferencia en el número de larvas la más común. El conteo de adultos y el porcentaje de defoliación no fue tan útil en la evaluación de variabilidad entre genotipos con resitencia al gorgojo. Los genotipos de S.pinnatisectum WRF 343 yS. tarijense PI 473227 mostraron la mayor uniformidad y resistencia al gorgojo Colorado de la papa. Los genotipos deS. berthaultii PI 473331,S. chacoense PI 473405, yS. tarijense PI 473336 mostraron entre moderada y alta resistencia, y los genotipos deS. bukasovii PI 473494 yS. canasense PI 230511 fueron unformemente susceptibles al gorgojo. El análisis de correlación no paramétrica indicó que el número de masas de huevos, larvas pequeñas, larvas grandes y defoliación tienen una correlación positiva, negativa, o no tienen correlación, dependiendo de las especies. El intento de utilizar una generación de selección divergente para producir segregación de resistencia y susceptibilidad en una accesión de relativa uniformidad y con alta resistencia (S. pinnatisectum WRF 343) no fue exitoso. En consecuencia, este estudio demuestra la existencia de poblaciones esencialmente puras para la resistencia extrema y por ello no necesitan ser previamente mejoradas para ser utilizadas en los programas de mejoramiento de germoplasma. En conclusión, la evaluación de genotipos o evaluación “fina” y selección podrían ser útiles para la identificación o el establecimiento de poblaciones en las cuales la resistencia máxima es verdadera (homozygota). La evaluación fina, selección recurrente, y el mantenimiento de dichas poblaciones sería una útil extensión de las evaluaciones basadas en poblaciones, las cuales son usualmente hechas por los bancos de germoplasma.
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Bamberg, J.B., Longtine, C.A. & Radcliffe, E.B. Fine screeningSolanum (potato) germplasm accessions for resistance to Colorado potato beetle. American Potato Journal 73, 211–223 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854875
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854875