Abstract
The rate of dark respiration (Rd) and net photosynthesis (Pn) at various leaf temperatures was examined in three potato clones (Solatium tuberosum L.) differing in heat tolerance. Plants were grown at low (25/12 C, day/night) and high (35/25 C) greenhouse air temperatures for five weeks, beginning two weeks after tuberization. Gas exchange characteristics were measured by manometric and infrared gas analyzer techniques. Respiration:photosynthesis ratios were calculated as indicators of leaf carbon balance. High greenhouse temperature reduced whole plant and tuber growth rate of all clones, however, the reduction was highest in the cultivar Russet Burbank (heat sensitive). Gas exchange characteristics did not explain differences in heat tolerance. The heat tolerant cultivar Desiree had Rd similar to Russet Burbank, while the clone DTO-28, also heat tolerant, had lower Rd of mature leaves than Russet Burbank or Desiree. However, all clones had similar Rd of immature leaves. There was no apparent relationship between heat tolerance and Pn for the three clones. DTO-28 had lower respirationrphotosynthesis ratios of immature and mature leaves than Russet Burbank 4 weeks after the start of the high temperature treatment. Desiree had respiration:photosynthesis ratios as high as Russet Burbank. At different sampling times, Rd increased in a linear and curvilinear manner with increasing leaf temperature up to 40 C. Heat tolerant and sensitive clones had similar rates of increase in Rd with increasing leaf temperature. Simultaneous measurement of Rd and Pn did not help explain differences in heat tolerance among clones. However, determination of respirationrphotosynthesis ratios may help explain the physiological basis for heat tolerance of some clones.
Compendio
La tasa de respiración en oscuridad (Ro) y fotosíntesis neta (Fn) a varias temperaturas foliares fue examinada en tres clones de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) que difieren en su tolerancia al calor. Las plantas fueron desarrolladas en invernaderos de temperaturas bajas (25/12 C día/noche) y altas (35/25 C) por cinco semanas, empezando dos semanas después de la tuberización. Las caracteristicas de intercambio gaseoso fueron medidas por técnicas manométricas y de análisis infrarrojo de gases. Las proporciones de respiración:fotosíntesis fueron calculadas como indicadoras del balance carbónico de la hoja. La temperatura alta del invernadero redujo la tasa de crecimiento de los tubérculos y de la planta en general en todos los clones, aunque la reducción fue mayor en el cultivar Russet Burbank (sensible al calor). Las características de intercambio gaseoso no explicaron las diferencias en la tolerancia al calor. El cultivar Desiree, tolerante al calor, tuvo una Ro similar a la del cultivar Russet Burbank, mientras que el clon DTO-28, también tolerante al calor, tuvo una Ro menor que la de Russet Burbank o Desiree en las hojas maduras. Sin embargo, todos los clones mostraron una Ro similar en las hojas inmaduras. No hubo una relación aparente entre la tolerancia al calor y la Fn de los tres clones. DTO-28 presentó menores proporciones de respiración:fotosíntesis que Russet Burbank en las hojas maduras e inmaduras, cuatro semanas después de iniciado el tratamiento con temperatura alta. Las proporciones de respiración:fotosíntesis de Desiree fueron tan altas como las de Russet Burbank. La Ro aumentó en forma lineal y curvilínea cuando se incrementó la temperatura foliar hasta 40 C, en diferentes épocas de muestreo. Los clones tolerantes y sensibles al calor mostraron tasas similares de incrementó de la Ro cuando se aumentó la temperatura foliar. La medición simultánea de Ro y Fn no ayudó a explicar las diferencias en la tolerancia al calor de los clones. Sin embargo, la determinación de las proporciones de respiración:fotosíntesis puede ayudar a explicar la base fisiológica para la tolerancia al calor de algunos clones.
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Approved for publication by the Director of the Idaho Agric. Experiment. Station as Manuscript No. 93758. Supported in part by the Idaho Potato Commission and by USDA/BARD Grant No. US-0994-85R. This research was done in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Ph.D. degree at the University of Idaho.
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Thornton, M.K., Malik, N.J. & Dwelle, R.B. Relationship between leaf gas exchange characteristics and productivity of potato clones grown at different temperatures. American Potato Journal 73, 63–77 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854761
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854761