Abstract
Cultivars were harvested biweekly for yield, weekly for sucrose determinations, and stored for chipping. At the last harvest Crystal was highest in total and marketable yield. Specific gravity was higher in Lemhi, Russet Burbank, and Norchip than in Kennebec, Crystal and Dakchip. Storage tests showed Norchip had superior chipping color to other cultivars. Dakchip had better color after short rather than after long-term storage, while the opposite was true for Kennebec and Russet Burbank. Lemhi and Crystal were marginal in color throughout storage. Sucrose (mg sucrose/g fresh tuber) expressed as a sucrose rating (SR) ranged from 1.2 to 11.9 among the various cultivars and harvest dates. Correlation between SR’s and tuber size within cultivars ranged from −.91 to −.97. Variability in sucrose content of immature tubers explained 70% of the variability in chip color among cultivars after storage from four to six months. Sucrose levels may be used to predict relative chipping quality of various cultivars after moderate to long-term storage if measured during early tuber development when differences in sucrose concentration are greatest among cultivars.
Resumen
Seis cultivares fueron cosechados cada dos semanas para rendimiento y semanalmente para determinaciones de sacarosa y almacenados para posterior procesamiento en hojuelas de papa frita. En la última cosecha, Crystal fue superior en rendimiento total y en tubérculos comerciables. La gravedad específica fue más alta en Lemhi, Russet Burbank y Norchip que en Kennebec, Crystal y Dakchip. Pruebas en el almacén indicaron que Norchip tenía un color más apropiado en hojuelas que los otros cultivares. Dakchip tenía mejor color después de un almacenamiento breve que después de uno largo, mientras lo contrario fue el caso para Kennebec y Russet Burbank. Lemhi y Crystal presentaron bajos niveles de color durante todo el almacenamiento. La sacarosa (mg de sacarosa por g de tubérculo fresco) expresada como tasa de sacarose (TS) variaba de 1,2 a 11,9 entre los diferentes cultivares y fechas de cosecha. La correlación entre las TS y el tamaño de los tubérculos para cada cultivar variaba de -0,91 a -0,97. La variabilidad en el contenido de sacarosa en los tubérculos no maduros explicó 70% de la variabilidad en el color de las hojuelas entre los cultivares después de un almacenamiento de cuatro a seis meses. Los niveles de sacarosa pueden servir para pronosticar la calidad relativa de varios cultivares para su procesamiento en hojuelas de papa frita después de un almacenamiento a mediano o largo plazo, si esos niveles son medidos durante el desarrollo temprano del tubérculo, cuando son más grandes las diferencias en concentración entre los cultivares.
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Published with the approval of the Director of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station as Journal Article No. 1256.
A Laboratory cooperatively operated by the North Central Region Agricultural Research Service, USDA; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the Red River Valley Potato Growers Association.
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Nelson, D.C., Sowokinos, J.R. Yield and relationships among tuber size, sucrose and chip color in six potato cultivars on various harvest dates. American Potato Journal 60, 949–958 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854516
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854516