Abstract
Late blight (Phytophthora infestons (Mont.) de Bary) has re-emerged as an important pathogen of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp.tubero-sum L.) in North America. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative susceptibility of potato germplasm in the greenhouse in order to initiate a breeding program for resistance to the US-8/A2 mating type which is the more aggressive and prevalent strain of late blight. Whole plants of 147 cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated. Percent plant area infection was visually assessed. Seven days after inoculation, infection ranged from 0 to 100% and the overall mean was greater than 50%. Two-thirds of the cultivars and breeding lines tested were very susceptible to the US-8 genotype. The highest resistance was identified in the somatic hybrids betweenS. tuberosum andS. bulbocastanum and their backcross derivatives. Pike and Snowden were less susceptible than the other North American cultivars. Zarevo was most resistant among the European cultivars. Seven of the advanced breeding lines were equivalent to Zarevo in infection levels. The host plant resistance identified among the material tested in this study can be used by breeding programs to develop improved cultivars with resistance to US-8 genotypes of late blight.
Resumen
El tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestons (Mont.) de Bary) ha reemergido como un patógeno importante de la papa cultivada (Solanum tuberosum subsp.tuberosum L.) en América del Norte. El genotipo predominante en América del Norte en 1995 fue el tipo sexual US-8/A2. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la susceptibilidad relativa del germoplasma para empezar un programa de mejoramiento para resistencia al tizón tardío. Se evaluaron las plantas completas de 147 cultivares y líneas de mejoramiento. El porcentaje del area de infectión foliar fue determinado en forma visual. Siete días después de la inoculatión el porcentaje de infection estaba en el rango de 0 a 100% y la media global era mayor al 50%. Las dos terceras partes de los cultivares y líneas de mejoramiento probados fueron muy susceptibles al genotipo US-8. La resistencia más alta fue identificada en los híbridos somáticos entreS. tuberosumy S. bulbocastanum y los derivados de sus retrocruzamientos. Pike y Snowden fueron menos susceptibles que los otros cultivares norteamericanos. Zarevo fue el más resistente entre los cultivares europeos. Siete de las líneas de mejoramiento avanzadas mostraron niveles de infección equivalentes a los de Zarevo. La resistencia de las plantas hospedantes identificada en el material probado en este estudio puede ser usada por los programas de mejoramiento para desarrollar cultivares mejorados con resistencia a los genotipos US-8 del tizón tardío.
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Douches, D.S., Kirk, W.W., Jastrzebski, K. et al. Susceptibility of potato varieties and advanced breeding lines (Solanum tuberosum L.) toPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in greenhouse screenings. American Potato Journal 74, 75–86 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02851554
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02851554