Abstract
Pore-free and smooth surface carbide layers can be formed on metals and carbon immersed in a molten borax bath above 1073 K. The carbide layers, consisting of VC, NbC, TiC, or Cr7C3, are formed by the reaction between the carbon atoms in the substrate and the carbide forming element atoms dissolved into the fused borax from additive powders such as ironvanadium, ironniobium, iron-titanium, ironchromium, and chromium. Core hardening of steel substrates can be simultaneous or by reaustenitizing after carbide coating. Carbide coated steels show excellent resistance to wear, seizure, corrosion and oxidation. The carbide layers are adherent to the substrate and do not exfoliate in severe service as in cold forming. The process effectively improves performance of dies, tools, machine parts, and is applied in various fields of Japanese industries.
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Arai, T. Carbide coating process by use of molten borax bath in Japan. J. Heat Treating 1, 15–22 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02833234
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02833234