Abstract
During the summer of 1980, there was a great deal of rainfall and high humidity in southwestern Ontario. Sprouting of the kernels on plants in the field and pink discoloration down-graded the white winter wheat crop. Samples were submitted to Agriculture Canada from elevators and boats loading wheat for export. Chemical analyses indicated low levels of vomitoxin, with some analytical results as high as 8.5 ppm. A series of feeding trials was initiated with contaminated wheat (1.0 ppm vomitoxin) to determine effects on swine and poultry. Swine diets containing 0.3 and 0.7 ppm vomitoxin resulted in decreased feed consumption and weight gains. Poultry were fed similar levels of vomitoxin without any serious effects. Gross examination of internal organs at the termination of the subacute studies revealed no apparent toxic effects. Several farmers reported feed refusal, vomiting and death in their livestock. Chemical analyses, in general, revealed relatively low levels of vomitoxin. In one case, the level of vomitoxin (0.95 ppm) in the feed was high enough to be a possible contributing factor in the observed ill effects.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Forsyth, D.M., Y. Yoshizawa, N. Morooka and J. Tuite, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:547 (1977).
Vesonder, R.F., A. Ciegler and A.H. Jensen, Ibid. 26:1008 (1973).
Vesonder, R.F., A. Ciegler, A.H. Jensen, W.K. Rohwedder and D. Weisleder, Ibid. 31:280 (1976).
Yoshizawa, T., and N. Morooka, Agric. Biol. Chem. 37:2933 (1973).
Jemmali, M., Y. Ueno, K. Ishii, C. Frayssinet and M. Etienne, Experientia 34:1333 (1978).
Mirocha, C.J., S.V. Pathre, B. Schauerhamer and CM. Christen- sen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32:553 (1976).
Mirocha, C.J., B. Schauerhamer, C.M. Christensen and T. Kommedahl, Ibid. 38:557 (1979).
Pathre, S.V., and C.J. Mirocha, JAOCS 56:820 (1979).
Vesonder, R.F., A. Ciegler, R.F. Rogers, K.A. Burbridge, R.J. Bothast and A.H. Jensen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36.885 (1978).
Vesonder, R.F., A. Ciegler, W.K. Rohwedder and R. Eppley, Toxicon. 17:658(1979).
“Mycotoxic Fungi, Mycotoxins, Mycotoxicoses—An Encyclo- pedic Handbook,” Vol. 1, edited by T.D. Wyllie and L.G. Morehouse, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 1977, pp. 406–407.
Scott, P.M., P.Y. Lou and S.R. Kanhere, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (in press).
Stoloff, L., S. Nesheim, L. Yin, J.V. Rodricks, M. Stack and A.D.Campbell, Ibid. 54:91 (1971).
Nash, S.M., and W.C Snyder, Phytopathology 52:567 (1962).
Booth, C , “ The GenusFusarium,” Commonwealth Mycolog- ical Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, 1971, 237 pp.
Tschanz, A.T., R.K. Horst and P.E. Nelson, Mycologia 67:1101 (1975).
“Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals: No. 2. Nutrient Requirements of Swine,” 8th Rev. Edn., National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1979, 52 pp.
Sommers, J.D., and S. Leeson, “Poultry Nutrition Handbook,” Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, pub. no. AGDEX 450/50, 1979.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Trenholm, H.L., Cochrane, W.P., Cohen, H. et al. Survey of vomitoxin contamination of the 1980 white winter wheat crop in ontario, canada. J Am Oil Chem Soc 58, A992–A994 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679310
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679310