Abstract
Experiments were conducted in a rotary kiln containing ilmenite particles to study the residence time distribution (RTD) of low-density particles, holdup, and bed depth profile. The variables include feed rate of solids, slope and rotational speed of the kiln, type and size of the tracer, and dam height. Correlations are presented for mean residence time, dispersion number, holdup, and steady-state throughput of solids in terms of the process variables. A simple method is proposed to estimate the dam height that gives rise to a flat profile of solids bed along the length of the kiln.
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Abbreviations
- D :
-
diameter of the kiln, m
- D i :
-
dispersion coefficient, m2/s
- d p :
-
average particle diameter, m
- D/UL :
-
vessel dispersion number
- E(t) :
-
RTD function
- F :
-
feed rate of solids, kg/h
- H :
-
dam height, m
- h :
-
bed depth, m
- L :
-
length of the kiln, m
- N :
-
rotational speed of the kiln, rpm
- n :
-
number of perfect mixers in series
- R :
-
angle of repose, deg
- r :
-
radius of the kiln, m
- T :
-
mean residence time, min
- t :
-
time, min
- W :
-
holdup of solids, kg
- α :
-
angle subtended by bed at the center of kiln, radians
- θ :
-
inclination of the kiln, deg
- ρ :
-
density, kg/m3
- σ2 :
-
variance of a distribution, min2
- σ 2σ :
-
dimensionless variance of a distribution
- ø :
-
slope of the bed material, deg
- ø′ :
-
total slope of the bed, θ± ø, deg
- c :
-
predicted
- e :
-
experimental
- i :
-
ilmenite
- t :
-
tracer
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Sai, P.S.T., Surender, G.D., Damodaran, A.D. et al. Residence time distribution and material flow studies in a rotary kiln. Metall Trans B 21, 1005–1011 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02670271
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02670271