Abstract
Fully dense nitrogenated austenitic stainless steels were produced by gas atomization and HIP consolidation. The base alloy, 304L, contained about 0.15 wt pct nitrogen when melted under a nitrogen atmosphere, and a modified version of 304L with 23 wt pct Cr contained 0.21 wt pct nitrogen. A series of experiments using various combinations of N2 and Ar as the melt chamber backfill gas and atomizing gas demonstrated that the nitrogen content of the powder was largely controlled by the backfill gas and that the fraction of hollow particles was determined by the atomization gas. The hollow powder particles, which are common in inert-gas atomized materials, were virtually eliminated in the nitrogen atomized powders. Additional atomizing experiments using copper and a nickel-base superalloy indicate that low gas solubility in the metal leads to gas entrapment. Hardness and compression behavior (yield strength and flow stress) are substantially improved with the addition of nitrogen. The results of this study suggest that the properties of nitrogenated stainless steels fabricated in this manner are comparable to other high nitrogen austenitic alloys.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A. Kendel, J.E. Truman, and K.B. Lomax: inProc. Int. Conf. High Nitrogen Steels, J. Foct and A. Hendry, eds., The Institute of Metals, London, 1989, pp. 405–13.
R.P. Reed:J. Met., 1989, Vol. 41 (3), pp. 16–21.
J. Rawers, J. Dunning, A. Pctty, and R. Reed:Adv. Mater. Proc., 1990, vol. 138 (2), pp. 50–52.
J. Rawers and L.J. Rawers:J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1991, vol. 10 (18), pp. 1101–02.
G. Stein, J. Menzel, and H. Dorr inProc. Int. Conf. High Nitrogen Steels, J. Foct and A. Hendry, eds., The Institute of Metals, London, 1989, pp. 32–38.
S.D. Ridder, P.I. Espina, and F.S. Biancaniello: inPhysical Chemistry of Powder Metals Production and Processing, W. Murray Small, ed., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1989, pp. 163–73.
P.I. Espina, S.D. Ridder, F.S. Biancaniello, and G.E. Mattingly: inCharacterization & Diagnostics of Ceramics & Metal Paniculate Processing, E.J. Lavernia, H. Henein, and I. Anderson, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1989, pp. 49–62.
F.S. Biancaniello, J.J. Conway, P.I. Espina, G.E. Mattingly, and S.D. Ridder:Mater. Sci. Eng., 1990, vol. A124, pp. 9–14.
L. L’Estrade, H. Hallen, and R. Ljunggren:Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1988, vol. 20, pp. 187–203.
R.H. VanStone, F.J. Rizzo, and J.F. Radavich: inProc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Rapid Solidification Processing, Principles and Applications, Reston, VA, March 23-26, 1980, R. Mehrabian, B.H. Kear, and M. Cohen, eds., Claitor’s Publishing Division, Baton Rouge, LA, 1980, pp. 260–72.
B.H. Rabin, G.R. Smolik, and G.E. Korth:Mater. Sci. Eng., 1990, vol. A124, pp. 1–7.
M. Kikuchi, M. Kajihara, and K. Frisk: inProc. Int. Conf. High Nitrogen Steels, J. Foct and A. Hendry, eds., The Institute of Metals, London, 1989, pp. 63–74.
U.S. Patent No. 5,114,470, May 19, 1992.
B.B. Guliaev and G.F. Dvoretshaja: inPhase Diagrams of Metallic Systems, E.M. Savitskii, ed., Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1968, pp. 267–73 (in Russian).
A.E. Vol:Handbook of Binary Metallic Systems, Vol. 1, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1966, p. 551.
U.S. Patent No. 4,140,528, February 20, 1979.
M. Pilch and C.A. Erdman:Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 1987, vol. 13, pp. 741–57.
G.H. Gessinger:Powder Metallurgy of Superalloys, Butterworth’s, London, 1984, pp. 36–43.
W.M. Small and R.D. Pehlke:Trans. AIME, 1968, vol. 242, pp. 2501–05.
J.H. Feichtiger, A. Satir-Kolorz, and Zhang Xiao-Hong: inProc. Int. Conf. High Nitrogen Steels, J. Foct and A. Hendry, eds., The Institute of Metals, London, 1989, pp. 75–80.
John E. Flinn, Jung Chan Bae, Thomas F. Kelly, and Gary E. Korth:Metall. Trans. A, 1992, vol. 23A, pp. 2557–65.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
G.M. JANOWSKI, formerly NRC/NIST Postdoctoral Research Associate, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Janowski, G.M., Biancaniello, F.S. & Ridder, S.D. Beneficial effects of nitrogen atomization on an austenitic stainless steel. Metall Trans A 23, 3263–3272 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02663435
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02663435