Abstract
The thermodynamic behavior of bismuth in the chemical systems associated with copper processing is not well understood. This study was designed to further the understanding of the physical chemistry of bismuth in slags that have similar compositions to those found in copper extractive metallurgical processing. The silicate system investigated was the FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 ternary system in which bismuth was dissolved using an isopiestic experimental technique. Bismuth vapor pressures of 1 • 10−5 atm and 7.5 • 10−4 atm were used, and the silicates were equilibrated with this vapor at temperatures of 1458 K and 1523 K. In these experiments, the slag composition was varied such thatP O 2 ranged from 10−12 to 10−8 atm. Bismuth was found to enter the silicate slag in both neutral and oxidic molecular forms. The oxidic form identified was that of BiO. The data suggest that the activity coefficient of neutral bismuth, γBi, is dependent on the solubility of that species in slag, even at the low concentrations observed in this study. It has been hypothesized, based on the large diameter of neutral Bi, that only a limited number of sites are available to accommodate neutral Bi, and that as the limit is approached γBi increases significantly. That hypothesis is shown to be consistent with the experimental results obtained in the present work as well as the results obtained by other investigators.
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Marschman, S.C., Lynch, D.C. Evaluation of the activity and molecular form of bi in cu smelting slags: Part I. ternary silicate slags. Metall Trans B 19, 627–641 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02659155
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02659155