Abstract
The anisotropy of bulk formability in hot-rolled AISI 1040 steel bars has been evaluated using upset and bend tests in longitudinal, circumferential, and radial directions. The index of workability is improved approximately 65 pct by aligning the critical tensile stresses parallel to inclusion plane and elongation (longitudinal direction). The lowest workability is attained in the radial direction where tensile stresses are perpendicular to the plane of inclusions. In the circumferential direction, tensile stresses are parallel to the plane of inclusions, though perpendicular to inclusion elongation, leading to intermediate workability. Tensile ductilities in the principal directions are compared with the three workability levels. Tension fracture data agree with the forming limit line in the radial direction. In the other directions, however, the tension test progressively overestimates workability as the workability level increases.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
W. A. Backofen, A. J. Shaler, and B. B. Hundy:Trans. ASM, 1954, vol. 46, pp. 665–80.
W. A. Backofen and B. B. Hundy:J. Inst. Met., 1952–1953, vol. 81,pp.433–38.
A. T. English:J. Metals, 1965, vol. 42, pp. 395–401.
C. Wells and R. F. Mehl:Trans. ASM, 1949, vol. 41, pp. 715–805.
B. M. Kapadia, A. T. English, and W. A. Backofen:Trans. ASM, 1962, vol. 55, pp. 389–97.
J. H. Bucher:J. Mater., 1967, vol. 2, pp. 432–45.
J. D. Embury, N. J. Petch, A. E. Wraith, and E. S. Wright:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1967, vol. 239, pp. 114–18.
S. Floreen, H. W. Hayden, and J. Q. Stiegelman:Trans. ASM, 1969, vol. 62, pp. 812–15.
F. A. Heiser and R. W. Hertzberg:Trans. ASME, J. Basic Eng., 1971, vol. 93, pp. 211–17.
K. Ohji, K. Ogura, S. Harada, and T. Taji:Bull. JSME, 1978, vol. 21, pp. 939–47.
H. A. Kuhn, P. W. Lee, and T. Ertürk:Trans. ASME, J. Eng. Mat. Tech., 1973, vol. 95, pp. 213–18.
T. Ertürk: Proceedings 3rd Int. Conf. on Mechanical Behavior of Materials, vol. 2, pp. 653–62, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980.
T. Ertürk and E. Kazazaglu: ‘Formability 2000 A. D.’, ASTM Special Technical Publication, in press.
T. Ertürk, W. L. Otto, and H. A. Kuhn:Met. Trans., 1974, vol. 5, pp. 1883–86.
S. K. Suh and H. A. Kuhn:Met. Trans. A, 1975, vol. 6A, pp. 2157–59.
S. M. Woodall and J. A. Schey: ASTM STP 647, pp. 191–205, ASTM Publication, Philadelphia, Pa. 1978.
T. Ertürk: 5th International Conference on Strength and Fracture of Materials, Cannes, France, April 1981, in press.
T. Ertürk: Assoc. Prof. thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, 1979.
M. G. Cockcroft and D. J. Latham:J. Inst. Met., 1968, vol. 96, pp. 33–39.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ertürk, T. Anisotropy of bulk forming limits in hot-rolled steel bars. Metall Trans A 12, 743–748 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02648338
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02648338