Abstract
Little is currently known about the role of γδ+ + T cells in disease pathogenesis. We have demonstrated elevated levels of γδ+ T cells in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Wilson's disease compared with other neurological diseases. The percentage of of γδ+ T cells was between 20% and 50% in all patient groups: of γδ+ T cells in blood correlated with copper concentrations. The antigen reactivity of γδ+ + T cells and how the antigens relate to the of γδ+ T cells found in WD remains unknown. It remains unclear whether there is a direct reason for the elevated of γδ+ T cells population found in WD. Immunohistochemistry of frozen autopsy material from brain and liver of WD patients could allow exact localization of γδ+ T cells and heat shock proteins in future studies.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Wilson SAK. Progressive lenticular degeneration: a familial nervous disease associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Brain 1912; 34:295.
Bull PC, Thomas GR, Rommens JM, Forbes JR, Cox DW. The Wilson disease gene is a putative copper transporting P-type ATPase similar to the Menkes gene. Nature Genet 1993; 5:327.
Tanzi RE, Petrukhin K, Chernov I, Pellequer JL, Wasco W, Ross B, Romano DM, Parano E, Pavone L, Brzustowicz LM, Devoto M, Peppercorn J, Bush AI, Sternlieb I, Pirastu M, Gusella JF, Evgrafov O, Penchaszadeh GK, Honig B, Edelman IS, Soares MB, Scheinberg IH, Gilliam TC. The Wilson disease gene is a copper transporting ATPase with homology to the Menkes disease gene. Nature Genet 1993; 5:344.
Raulet DH. The structure, function and molecular genetics of γδ T cells cell receptor. Annu Rev Immunol 1989; 7:175.
Lanier LL, Ruitenberg J, Bolhuis RLH, Borst J, Phillips JH, Testi R. Structural and serological heterogeneity of γ/δ T cell antigen receptor expression in thymus and peripheral blood. Eur J Immunol 1988; 18:1985.
Falini B, Flenghi L, Pileri S, Pelicci P, Fagioli M, Martelli MF, Moretta L, Ciccione E. Distribution of T cells bearing different forms of the T cell receptor gamma/delta in normal and pathological human tissues. J Immunol 1989; 143:2480.
Borst J, Wicherink A, Van Dongen JJM, De Vries E, Comans-Bitter WM, Wassenaar F, Van Den Elsen P. Non-random expression of T cell receptor γ und δ variable gene segments in functional T lymphocyte clones from human peripheral blood. Eur J Immunol 1989; 19:1559.
Born WK, Harshan K, Modlin RL, O'Brien RL. The role of γδ T lymphocytes in infection. Curr Opin Immunol 1991; 3:455.
O'Brien RL, Born W. Heat shock proteins as antigens for γδ T cells. Semin Immunol 1991; 3:81.
Selmaj K, Brosnan CF, Raine CS. Colocalization of lymphocytes bearing γδ T cell receptor and heat shock proteins hsp65+ oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88:6452.
Fiszer U, Mix E, Fredrikson S, Kostulas V, Olsson T, Link H. γδ+ T cells are increased in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 1994; 121:39.
Tibbling G, Link H, Öhman S. Principles of albumin and IgG analyses in neurological disorders. I. Establishment of reference values. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1977; 37:385.
Mix E, Fiszer U, Olsson T, Fredrikson S, Kostulas V, Söderström M, Link H. V δ1 gene usage, interleukin-1 receptors and adhesion molecules on γδ+ T cells in inflammatory diseases of the nervous system. J Neuroimmunol 1994; 49:59.
Kjeldsen-Kragh J, Quayle A, Kalvenes C, Forre O, Sorskaar D, Vinje O, Thoen J, Natvig JB. T γδ cells in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In the juvenile rheumatoid arthritis synovium the T γδ cells express activation antigens and are predominantly Vδ+, and a significant proportion of these patients have elevated percentages of T γδ cells. Scand J Immunol 1990; 32:651.
De Libero G, Rocci MP, Casorati G, Giachino C, Oderda G, Tavassoli K, Migone N. T cell receptor heterogeneity in γδ T clones from intestinal biopsies of patients with coeliac disease. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:499.
Wen L, Peakman M, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Elevation of activated γδ T cell receptor bearing T lymphocytes in patients with autoimmune chronic liver disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 89:78.
Ohteki T, Abo T, Seki S, Kobata T, Yagita H, Okumara K, Kumagai K. Predominance appearance of γ/δ T lymphocytes in the liver of mice after birth. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:1733.
Roark CE, Vollmer MK, Cranfill RL, Carding SR, Born WK, O'Brien RL. Liver γδ+ T cells. TCR junctions reval differences in heat shock protein 60 reactive cells in liver and spleen. J Immunol 1993; 150:4867.
Hartard C, Weisner B, Dieu C, Kunze K. Wilson's disease with cerebral manifestations: monitoring therapy by CSF copper concentration. J Neurol 1993; 241:101.
Freedman MS, Ruijs TCJ, Selin LK, Antel JP. Peripheral blood γδ T cells lyse fresh human brain-derived oligodendrocytes. Ann Neurol 1991; 30:794.
Freedman MS, Buu NN, Ruijs TCJ, Williams K, Antel JP. Differential expression of heat shock proteins by human glial cells. J Neuroimmunol 1992; 41:231.
Born WK, O'Brien RL, Modlin RL. Antigen specificity of γδ T lymphocytes. FASEB J 1991; 5:2699.
Członkowska A, Milewski B. Immunological observations on patients with Wilson's disease. J Neurol Sci 1976; 29:411.
Massie HR, Ofosu AW, Aiello VR. Elevated serum copper is associated with reduced immune response in aging mice. Gerontology 1993; 39:136.
Pocino M, Baute L, Malave I. Influence of the oral administration of excess copper on the immune response. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1991; 16:249.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fiszer, U., Korczak-Kowalska, G., Gajda, J. et al. γδ+ T cells in Wilson's diseaseT cells in Wilson's disease. Int J Clin Lab Res 26, 51–54 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644775
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644775