Abstract
Iron-nickel alloys with 8 and 16 wt pct nickel and iron-chromium-nickel alloys with 8 pct nickel and chromium contents in the range of 2 to 22 pct were equilibrated with iron and nickel in flowing CH4-H2 gas mixtures and in sealed capsules under partial vacuum at temperatures between 700 and 1060°C. Carbon activities in these alloys were established from the carbon concentrations in the nickel by applying Henry’s law to the solubility of carbon in nickel that was determined in the temperature range of 500 to 1000°C. First-order free-energy interaction parameters were used to relate the carbon activities to composition and temperature in the single-phase austenitic Fe-Ni and Fe-Cr-Ni alloys. An expression was also developed to evaluate carbon activities in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys in the region of higher chromium contents (〉4 wt pct) that result in a two-phase austenite plus carbide mixture at these temperatures.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
K. J. Irvine, T. Gladman, and F. B. Pickering:J. Iron Steel Inst, 1969, vol. 207, p. 1017.
J. E. White and J. W. Freeman:Trans. ASME, J. Eng. Power, 1963, vol. 85, p. 119.
R. Nakagawa and Y. Otoguro:Tetsu-To-Hagane, 1961, vol. 47, p. 1169.
Y. Kawabe, R. Nakagawa, and T. Mukoyama:Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jap., 1968, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 353.
L. M. T. Hopkin and L. H. Taylor:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1967, vol. 205, p. 17.
P. D. Goodell, T. M. Cullen and J. W. Freeman:Trans. ASME, J. Basic Eng, 1967, vol. 89, p. 517.
P. G. Stone:High Temperature Properties of Steels, p. 505, Proc. Joint Conf. organized by BISRA and ISI, 1966.
I. A. Rohrig:Effects of Residual Elements on Properties ofAustenitic Stainless Steels, p. 78, ASTM-STP 418,1966.
J. K. Y. Hum and N. J. Grant:Trans. ASM, 1953, vol. 45, p. 105.
J. T. Barnby and F. M. Peace:Acta Met., 1971, vol. 19, p. 1351.
U.R. Stickler and A. Vinckier:Trans. ASM, 1961, vol. 54, p. 362.
H. F. Ebling and M. A. Scheil:Advances in the Technology of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys, p. 275, ASTM-STP 369, 1965.
B. Weiss and R. Stickler:Met. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, p. 851.
G. F. Tisinai, J. K. Stanley, and C. H. Samans:Trans. AIME, 1954, vol. 200, p. 1259.
K. Natesan and T. F. Kassner:J. Nucl. Mater., 1970, vol. 37, p. 223.
K. Natesan and T. F. Kassner:Proc. of Symposium on Chemical Aspects of Corrosion and Mass Transfer in Liquid Sodium, S. A. Jansson, ed., p. 130, AIME, 1972.
J. F. Elliott and M. Gleiser:Thermochemistry for Steelmaking, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Cambridge, Mass., 1960.
Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, National Bureau of Standards, Ser. III, 1948.
T. Wada, H. Wada, J. F. EUiott, and J. Chipman:Met. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, p. 2199.
R. P. Smith:Trans, TMS-AIME, 1960, vol. 218, p. 62.
W. W. Dunn, R. B. McLellan, and W. A. Oates:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1968, vol. 242, p. 2129.
H. Schenck, M. G. Frohberg, and E. Jaspert:Arch. Eisenhüttenw., 1965, vol. 36, p. 683.
J. J. Lander, H. E. Kern, and A. L. Beach:J. Appl. Phys., 1952, vol. 23, p. 1305.
K. K. Rao and M. E. Nicholson:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1963, vol. 227, p. 1029.
C. B. Alcock and G. P. Stavropoulos:Trans. Inst. Mining Met., Section C, 1968, vol. 77, p. 232.
J. Chipman:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1967, vol. 239, p. 2.
D. R. Poirier:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1968, vol. 242, p. 685.
J. C. Greenbank:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1971, vol. 209, p. 819.
H. Schenck and H. Kaiser:Arch. Eisenhütten.,1960, vol. 31, p. 227.
C. Bodsworth, I. M. Davidson, and D. Atkinson:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1968, vol. 242, p. 1135.
A. J. Heckler and P. G. Winchell:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1963, vol. 227, p. 732.
C. H. P. Lupis and J. F. Elliott:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1965, vol. 233, p. 820.
C. H. P. Lupis and J. F. Elliott:Acta Met., 1966, vol. 14, p. 529.
R. J. Brigham and J. S. Kirkaldy:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1963, vol. 227, p. 538.
H. Flender and H. Wever:Arch. Eisenüttenw., 1963, vol. 34, p. 727.
K. Bungardt, H. Preisendanz, and G. Lehnert:Arch. Eisenhüttenw., 1964, vol. 35, p. 999.
T. Wada, H. Wada, J. F. Elliott, and J. Chipman:Met. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, p. 2865.
J. C. Greenbank:J. Iron Steel Inst, 1971, vol. 209, p. 986.
J. C. Greenbank:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1972, vol. 210, p. 111.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Natesan, K., Kassner, T.F. Thermodynamics of carbon in nickel, iron-nickel and iron-chromium-nickel alloys. Metall Trans 4, 2557–2566 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644258
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644258