Summary
This is a report investigating the methylglyoxal (MG) bypass in animals, by whichd-lactate is produced from triosephosphate via MG. Rats were made diabetic using streptozotocin or starved for 72 h.d-Lactate and various metabolites related to it, such asl-lactate, pyruvate, methylglyoxal, glucose, and inorganic phosphate, were measured in the blood plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle of the rats. Diabetic and starved rats had significantly higher levels ofd-lactate in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle compared with the control group. In contrast, pyruvate levels in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle was markedly lower than normal in diabetic and starved rats.l-Lactate level lowered markedly in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle of starved rats and elevated in liver of diabetic rats. Differences between plasmal-lactate level for diabetes and control were not significant. MG level was significantly elevated in plasma and depressed in livers and muscles of starved rats as well as livers of diabetic rats. Hepatic glycerol content was markedly increased in those states. Enzyme activities related tod- andl-lactate, such as pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, and glyoxalase I, were measured in the livers of these rats. Pyruvate kinase activity decreased in these states, but other enzyme activities showed no significant changes.d-Lactate was much more excreted thanl-lactate in the urine of diabetic and fasted rats compared with normal rats.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Buttery JE, Chamberlain BR, Milner CR, Pannall PR (1985) Colorimetric measurement of plasma lactate, Am J Clin Pathol 84:363–365
Carole S, Newsholme EA (1968) The effects of starvation and alloxan-diabetes on the contents of citrate and other metabolic intermediates in rat liver. Biochem J 107:411–415
Cooper RA, Anderson A (1970) The formation and catabolism of methylglyoxal during glycolysis inEscherichia coli, FEBS Lett 11:273–276
Dakin HD, Dudley HW (1913) On glyoxalase, J Biol Chem 14:423–431
Embden G, Deuticke HJ, Kraff G (1933) Über die intermediären Vorgänge bei der Glykolyse in der Muskulatur. Klin Wochenschr 12:213–215
Gracy RW, Lacko AG, Brox LW (1970) Structural relations in aldolases purified from rat liver and muscle and Novikoff hepatoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 136:480–490
Greenbaum Al, Gumaa KA, McLean P (1971) The distribution of hepatic metabolites and the control of the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in animals of different dietary and hormonal status. Arch Biochem Biophys 143:617–663
Gunn JM, Taylor CB (1973) Relationships between concentration of hepatic intermediary metabolites and induction of the key glycolytic enzymes in vivo. Biochem J 136:455–465
Kalkhoff RK, Hornbrook KR, Burch HB, Kipnis DM (1966) Studies of the metabolic effects of acute insulin deficiency. II. Changes in hepatic glycolytic and Krebs-Cycle intermediates and pyridine nucleotides. Diabetes 15:451–456
Kellum MW, Oray B, Norton SJ (1978) A convenient quantitative synthesis of methylglyoxal for glyoxalase I assays. Anal Biochem 85:586–590
Kemp RG (1975) Phosphofrutokinase from rabbit skeletal muscle, In: Kaplan NO, Colowick SP (eds) Methods in enzymology, vol 42, Academic Press, New York, pp 71–77
Lanzetta PA, Alvarez LJ, Reinach PS, Candia OA (1979) An improved assay for nanomole amounts of inorganic phosphate. Anal Biochem 100:95–97
Meyerhof O, Lohmann K (1934) Über die enzymatische Gleichgewichtsreaktion zwischen Hexosediphosphorsäure und Dioxyacetonphosphorsäure. Biochem Z 271:89–110
Neuberg C (1913) Weitere Untersuchungen über die biochemische Umwandlung von Methyglyoxal in Milchsäure nebst Bemerkungen über die Entstehung der verschiedenen Milchsäuren in der Natur. Biochem Z 51:484–508
Ohmori S, Iwamoto T (1988) Sensitive determination ofd-lactic acid in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 431:239–247
Ohmori S, Kawase M, Mori M, Hirota T (1987) Simple and sensitive determination of methyglyoxal in biological samples by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. J Chromatogr 415:221–229
Ohmori S, Mori M, Kawase M, Tsuboi S (1987) Determination of methylglyoxal as 2-methylquinoxaline by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application to biological samples. J Chromatogr 414:149–155
Ohmori S, Mori M, Shiraha K, Kawase M (1989) Biosynthesis and degradation of methylglyoxal in animals: In: Weiner H, Flynn TG (eds) Enzymology and molecular biology of carbonyl metabolism (Aldehyde dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldo-keto reductase, vol 2). Alan Liss, New York, pp 397–412
Ohmori S, Nose Y, Ogawa H, Tsuyama K, Hirota T (1991) Fluorimetric and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination ofd-lactate in biological samples. J Chromatogr 566:1–8
Racker E (1955) Glyoxalases. In: Colowick SP, Keplan NO (eds) Methods in enzymology, vol. 1. Academic Press, New York, pp 454–460
Siess EA, Kientsch-Engel RI, Fahimi FM, Wieland OH (1984) Possible role of Pi supply in mitochondrial actions of glucagon. Eur J Biochem 141:543–548
Valentine WN, Tanaka KR (1966) Pyruvate kinase clinical aspects. In: Kaplan NO, Colowick SP (eds) Methods in enzymology. vol. 9. Academic Press, New York, pp 468–473
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kondoh, Y., Kawase, M., Kawakami, Y. et al. Concentrations ofd-lactate and its related metabolic intermediates in liver, blood, and muscle of diabetic and starved rats. Res. Exp. Med. 192, 407–414 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02576298
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02576298