Abstract
Among “savanna” baboons, males are the dispersing sex, and females are philopatric. Despite clear evidence for migration of adult males at Erer-Gota, Ethiopia (Abegglen, 1984), it is generally believed that a different pattern-dispersal only by female transfer-is found in hamadryas baboons,Papio hamadryas hamadryas (Pusey and Packer, 1987; Pusey, 1988; Stammbach, 1987). Since the late 1960's, there have been isolated observations of hamadryas males migrating into anubis groups in the Awash National Park, Ethiopia (Nagel, 1973; Kawai and Sugawara, 1976; Sugawara, 1982). Since 1983, we have observed 11 individually identified adult hamadryas immigrants in four anubis groups above the Awash Falls and have trapped and tagged 9 of them. One subadult male was also captured and marked. Repeated visits to the study site allow us to document long-term residence of these “cross-migrant” males in their host groups. The longest-resident male has been in the same group for 5 years or more; a conservative estimate of the average length of residence is 3 years. We estimate that 25 hamadryas males have moved into this ozne over the last 15 years. Although larger than the hamadryas males captured in 1973, all but one of our cross-migrants appear phenotypically hamadryas. By comparing, the ages of our cross-migrants with Abegglen's account of the typical hamadryas male life-history, we have found that the adult hamadryas males seem to immigrate at ages consistent with having left their
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Abegglen, J. J. (1984).On Socialization in Hamadryas Baboons, Associated University Press, Cranbury, N. J.
Altmann, J., Hausfater, G., and Altmann, S. A. (1988). Determinants of reproductive success in “savanna” baboons,Papio cynocephalus. In Clutton-Brock, T. H. (ed.),Reproductive Success: Studies of Individual Variation in Contrasting Breeding Systems, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 403–418.
Anderson, C. M. (1987). Female transfer in baboons.Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 73: 241–250.
Bercovitch, F. B. (1987). Reproductive success in adult male “savanna” baboons.Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 21: 63–172.
Bernstein, I. S., Rose, R. M. and Gordon, T. P. (1974). Behavioral and environmental events influencing primate testosterone levels.J. Hum. Evol. 3: 517–525.
Booth, A., Shelley, G., Mazur, A., Tharp, G., and Kittok, R. (1989). Testosterone, and winning and losing in human competition.Horm. Behav. 23: 556–571.
Cheney, D. L. (1983). Proximate and ultimate factors related to the distribution of male migration. In Hinde, R. A. (ed.),Primate Social Relationships: An Integrated Approach, Black-well, Oxford, pp. 241–372.
Cheverud, J. M., Wagner, G. P., and Dow, M. M. (1989). Methods for the comparative analysis of variation patterns.Syst. Zool. 38 (3): 201–213.
Dixson, A. F. (1980). Androgens and aggressive behavior in primates: An review.Agg. Behav. 6: 37–67.
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1980). Demographic and life history variables of a population of gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada).J. Anim. Ecol. 49: 485–506.
Dunbar, R. I. M. (1987). Demography and reproduction. In Smuts, B. B., Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W., and Struhsaker, T. S. (eds.)Primate Societies, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 240–249.
Greenwood, P. J. (1980). Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and mammals.Anim. Behav. 28: 1140–1162.
Hamilton, W. J., and Bulger, J. B. (1990). Natal male boboon rank rises and successful challenges to resident alpha males.Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26: 357–362.
Hemmalin, H. A. (1992). Testosterone values of adult male anubis, hamadryas and hybrid baboons from the Awash National Park, Ethiopia (in preparation).
Kawai, M., and Sugawara, S. (1976). Hybridization and the evolution of primates. I. Social structure of a hybrid baboon group betweenP. anubis andP. hamadryas.Shizen 3(11): 48–57 (in Japanese).
Kummer, H. (1967). Dimensions of a comparative biology of primate groups.Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 27: 357–366.
Kummer, H. (1968).Social Organization of Hamadryas Baboons, Aldine, Chicago.
Kummer, H. (1971).Primate Societies: Group Techniques of Ecological Adaptation, Aldine, Chicago.
Kummer, H. (1981). Mammals of Saudi Arabia: Primates: A survey of hamadryas baboons. In Dittmer, W., and Buttiner, W. (eds.),Mammals of Saudi Arabia, pp. 441–471.
Kummer, H., Goetz, W., and Angst, W. (1974). Triadic differentiation: An inhibitory process protecting pair bonds in baboons.Behaviour 49: 62–87.
Manzolillo, D. L. (1986). Factors affecting intertroop transfer by adult malePapio anubis. In Else, J. G., and Lee, P. C. (eds.),Primate Ontogeny, Cognition and Social Behavior, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 371–380.
Mazur, A. (1976). Effects of testosterone on status in primate groups.Folia Primatol. 26: 214–226.
Moore, J. (1984). Female transfer in primates.Int. J. Primatol. 5: 537–589.
Moore, J. (1992). Dispersal, nepotism, and primate social behavior.Int. J. Primatol. 13: 361–378.
Moore, J., and Ali, R. (1984). Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related?Anim. Behav. 32: 94–112.
Nagel, U. (1973). A comparison of anubis baboons, hamadryas baboons and their hybrids at a species border in Ethiopia.Folia Primatol. 19: 104–165.
Nystrom, P. (1992). Mating Success of Hamadryas, Anubis and Hybrid Male Baboons in a “Mixed” Social Group in the Awash National Park, Ethiopia. Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University.
Packer, C. (1979). Inter-troop transfer and inbreeding avoidance inPapio anubis.Anim. Behav. 27: 1–34.
Packer, C. (1985). Dispersal and inbreeding avoidance.Anim. Behav. 33: 676–678.
Phillips-Conroy, J. E., and Jolly, C. J. (1986). Changes in the structure of the baboon hybrid zone in the Awash National Park, Ethiopia.Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 71: 337–350.
Phillips-Conroy, J. E., Jolly, C. J., and Nystrom, P. (1986). Palmar dermatoglyphics as a means of identifying individuals in a baboon population.Int. J. Primatol. 7: 435–447.
Phillips-Conroy, J. E., Jolly, C. J., and Brett, F. L. (1991). The characteristics of hamadryas-like males living in anubis baboon troops in the Awash National Park, Ethiopia.Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 86: 353–368.
Pusey, A. E. (1988). Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals.TREE 2(10): 295–299.
Pusey, A. E., and Packer, C. (1986). Dispersal and philopatry. In: Smuts, B. B., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W., and Struhsaker, T. T. (eds.),Primate Societies, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 250–266.
Rasmussen, D. (1981). Communities of baboon troops (Papio cynocephalus) in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania,Folia Primatol. 36: 232–242.
Raleigh, M. J., and McGuire, M. T. (1990). Social influences on endocrine function in male vervet monkeys. In Ziegler, T. E., and Bercovitch, F. B. (eds.),Socioendocrinology of Primate Reproduction. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp. 95–112.
Sade, D. S., Cushing, K., Cushing, P., Dunaif, J., Figueroa, A., Kaplan, J. E. Lauer, C., Rhodes, D., and Schneider, J. (1977). Population dynamics in relation to social structure on Cayo Santiage.Yrbk. Phys. Anthropol. 20: 253–262.
Sapolsky, R. M. (1982). The endocrine stress-response and social status in the wild baboon.Horm. Behav. 16: 279–292.
Sapolsky, R. M. (1986). Stress-induced elevation of testosterone concentrations in high-ranking baboons: Role of catecholamines.Endocrin. 118: 1630–1635.
Shields, W. M. (1987). Dispersal and mating systems: Investigating their causal connections. In Chepko-Sade, B. D., and Halpin, Z. T. (eds.),Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 3–26.
Shotake, T. (1981). Population genetical study of natural hybridization betweenPapio anubis andPapio hamadryas.Primates 22: 285–308.
Sigg, H., and Stolba, A. (1981). Home range and daily march in a hamadryas baboon troop.Folia Primatol. 36: 40–75.
Sigg, H., Stolba, A., Abegglen, J. J., and Dasser, V. (1982). Life history of hamadryas baboons physical development, infant mortality, reproductive parameters and family relationships.Primates 23: 473–487.
Smuts, B. B. (1985)Sex and Friedship in Baboons, Aldine, New York.
Smuts, B. B. (1987). Sexual competition and mate choice. In Smuts, B. B., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W., and Struhsaker, T. T. (eds.)Primate Societies. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 385–399.
Southwick, C. H., and Siddiqui, M. F. (1977). Demographic characteristics of semi-protected rhesus monkeys in India.Yrbk. Phys. Anthropol. 20: 242–250.
Sprague, D. (1992). Life history and male intertroop mobility among Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)Int. J. Primatol. 13: 357–360.
Stammbach, E. (1987). Desert, forest and montane baboons: Multilevel societies. In Smuts, B. B., Seyfarth, R. M., Wrangham, R. W., and Struhsaker, T. T. (eds.),Primate Societies, University of Chicago, Chicago, pp. 112–120.
Struhsaker, T. T., and Leyland, L. (1979). Socioecology of five sympatric monkey species in the Kibale Forest, Uganda.Adv. Study Behav. 9: 159–228.
Sugawara, K. (1979). Sociological study of a wild group of hybrid baboons betweenPapio anubis andPapio hamadryas in the Awash Valley, Ethiopia.Primates 20: 21–56.
Sugawara, K. (1982). Sociological comparison between two wild groups of anubis-hamadryas hybrid, baboons.Afr. St. Monogr. 2: 73–131.
Sussman, R. (1992). Male life history and intergroup mobility among ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta).Int. J. Primatol. 13: 395–413.
Waser, P., and Jones, W. T. (1983). Natal philopatry among solitary mammals.Q. Rev. Biol. 58: 355–390.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Phillips-Conroy, J.E., Jolly, C.J., Nystrom, P. et al. Migration of male hamadryas baboons into anubis groups in the Awash National Park, Ethiopia. International Journal of Primatology 13, 455–476 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02547828
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02547828