Abstract
The effect of dietary α-linolenic acid (18∶3n−3) and its ratio to linoleic acid (18∶2n−6) on platelet and plasma phospholipid (PL) fatty acid patterns and prostanoid production were studied in normolipidemic men. The study consisted of two 42-d phases. Each was divided into a 6-d pre-experimental period, during which a mixed fat diet was fed, and two 18-d experimental periods, during which a mixture of sunflower and olive oil [low 18∶3n−3 content, high 18∶2/18∶3 ratio (LO-HI diet)], soybean oil (intermediate 18∶3n−3 content, intermediate 18∶2/18∶3 ratio), canola oil (intermediate 18∶3n−3 content, low 18∶2/18∶3 ratio) and a mixture of sunflower, olive and flax oil [high 18∶3n−3 content, low 18∶2/18∶3 ratio (HI-LO diet)] provided 77% of the fat (26% of the energy) in the diet. The 18∶3n−3 content and the 18∶2/18∶3 ratio of the experimental diets were: 0.8%, 27.4; 6.5%, 6.9; 6.6%, 3.0; and 13.4%, 2.7, respectively. There were appreciable differences in the fatty acid composition of platelet and plasma PLs. Nevertheless, 18∶1n−9, 18∶2n−6 and 18∶3n−3 levels in PL reflected the fatty acid composition of the diets, although very little 18∶3n−3 was incorporated into PL. Both the level of 18∶3n−3 in the diet and the 18∶2/18∶3 ratio were important in influencing the levels of longer chain n−3 fatty acid, especially 20∶5n−3, in platelet and plasma PL. Production of 6-keto-PGF1α was significantly (P<0.05) higher following the HI-LO diet than the LO-HI diet although dietary fat source had no effect on bleeding time or thromboxane B2 production. The present study showed that both the level of 18∶3n−3 in the diet and its ratio to 18∶2n−6 were important in influencing long-chain n−3 fatty acid levels in platelet and plasma PL and that prostanoid production coincided with the diet-induced differences in PL fatty acid patterns.
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Abbreviations
- EDTA:
-
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- GLC:
-
gasliquid chromatography
- HI-LO:
-
high 18∶3n−3 content, low 18∶2/18∶3 ratio
- IN-IN:
-
intermediate 18∶3n−3 content, intermediate 18∶2/18∶3 ratio
- IN-LO:
-
intermediate 18∶3n−3 content, low 18∶2/18∶3 ratio
- LO-HI:
-
low 18∶3n−3 content, high 18∶2/18∶3 ratio
- PC:
-
phosphatidylcholine
- PE:
-
phosphatidylethanolamine
- PGI:
-
prostacyclin
- PL:
-
phospholipid(s)
- PPE:
-
alkenylacyl glycerophosphoethanolamines
- PPP:
-
platelet-poor plasma
- PUFA:
-
polyunsaturated fatty acids
- TXA:
-
thromboxane
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Chan, J.K., McDonald, B.E., Gerrard, J.M. et al. Effect of dietary α-linolenic acid and its ratio to linoleic acid on platelet and plasma fatty acids and thrombogenesis. Lipids 28, 811–817 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536235
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536235