Abstract
The present study was undertaken to define the relationship between calcium metabolism and bile acid composition in animal models of diet induced cholesterol and pigment gallstones. Groups of prairie dogs were fed either a control non-lithogenic chow (N=12), a 1.2% cholesterol enriched chow (N=6, XOL) for two weeks, or a high carbohydrate diet deficient in iron (N=6, CHO-FeD), or a high carbohydrate diet with normal iron levels (N=6, CHO) for eight weeks. Hepatic (HB) and gallbladder (GB) bile samples were analyzed for total calcium, cholesterol, phospholipids, total bile acids (TBA), and individual bile acid composition.
In each of the four groups, TBA concentrations were essentially similar and taurine conjugates accounted for approximately 90% of TBA in HB bile and about 98% in GB bile. In the control group, cholic acid (CA) was the predominant bile acid and comprised 76% of TBA and chenodeoxycholic (CDCA) accounted for about 13% of the total. Feeding a diet rich in cholesterol caused a significant change in the relative concentrations of individual bile acids of hepatic bile—such that CA decreased significantly (p<0.001) while CDCA increased by 300% (p<0.001). The changes in secondary bile acids were insignificant. An identical shift in individual bile acid composition was noted in animals maintained on high carbohydrate diet, irrespective of iron content. Similar changes were observed in the GB in the experimental groups.
Calcium concentrations of GB bile with or without gallstone formation showed a positive linear relationship with TBA (y=4.35+0.14X, p<0.001) and taurochenodoxycholic acid (TCDCA) (y=15.04+0.46X, p<0.001), but an inverse relationship with taurocholic acid (TCA) (Y=55.16−0.41X, p<0.008). However, such relationships were absent in hepatic bile. These data indicate that diet-induced alterations in bile acid composition may modify calcium solubility or GB function, thereby contributing to the increased GB calcium observed during cholesterol and pigment gallstone formation.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- CA:
-
cholic acid
- CDCA:
-
chenodexycholic acid
- CHO:
-
high carbohydrate diet
- CHO-FeD:
-
high carbohydrate diet, deficient in iron
- CSI:
-
cholesterol saturation index
- GB:
-
gallbladder bile
- HB:
-
hepatic bile
- HPLC:
-
high performance liquid chromatography
- i.d.:
-
inner diameter
- TBA:
-
total bile acids
- TCA:
-
taurocholic acid
- TCDCA:
-
taurochenodexycholic acid
- XOL:
-
cholesterol-enriched diet
References
Maki, T. (1966)Ann. Surg. 164, 90–100.
Sutor, D.J., and Wilkie, L.I. (1977)Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 53, 101–103.
Been, J.M., Bills, P.M., and Lewis, D. (1979)Gastroenterology 76, 548–555.
Wosiewitz, U. (1980)Path. Res. Pract. 167, 273–286.
Muller, E.L., Grace, P.A., and Pitt, H.A. (1986)J. Surg. Res. 40, 55–62.
Strichartz, S.D., Abedin, M.Z., Abdou, M.S., and Roslyn, J.J. (1987)Surg. Forum 38, 167–169.
Strichartz, S.D., Abedin, M.Z., Abdou, M.S., and Roslyn, J.J. (1988)Am. J. Surg. 155, 131–137.
Moore, E.W., Celic, L., and Ostrow, J.D. (1982)Gastroenterology 83, 1079–1089.
Cummings, S.A., and Hofmann, A.F. (1984)Gastroenterology 87, 664–673.
Gurll, N., and DenBesten, L. (1978)Lab. Anim. Sci. 28, 428–432.
Holzbach, R.T. (1984)Hepatology 4, 1915–1985.
Brenneman, D.E., Conner, W.E., Forker, E.L., and DenBesten, L. (1972)J. Clin. Invest. 51, 1495–1503.
Roslyn, J.J., Conter, R.L., Julian, E., and Abedin, M.Z. (1987)Surg. 102, 327–333.
DenBesten, L., Safaie-Shirazi, S., Connor, W.E., and Bell, S. (1974)Gastroenterology 66, 1036–1045.
Roslyn, J.J., Thompson, J.E., Jr., and DenBesten, L. (1979)Lab. Anim. Sci. 29, 542–544.
Andregg, C., Flaschka, H., Sallman, R., and Schwarzenback, G.M. (1954)Helu. Chim. Acta 37, 113–120.
Connerty, H., and Briggs, A. (1966)Am. J. Clin. Path. 45, 290–296.
Röschlau, P., Bernt, E., and Gruber, W. (1974) inMethods of Enzymatic Analysis (Bergmeyer, H., ed.) Vol. 4, pp. 1890–1893, Academic Press, New York, NY.
Dryer, R.L., Tammes, A.R., and Routh, J.I. (1957)J. Biol. Chem. 225, 177–183.
Iwata, T., and Yamasaki, K. (1969)J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 56, 424–429.
Carey, M.C. (1978)J. Lipid Res. 19, 945–955.
Nakayama, F., and Nakagaki, M. (1980)J. Chromatogr. 183, 287–293.
Conter, R.L., Roslyn, J.J., Pitt, H.A., and DenBesten, L. (1986)J. Surg. Res. 40, 580–587.
Roslyn, J.J., Conter, R.L., and DenBesten, L. (1984)Surg. Forum 35, 221–223.
Abdou, M.S., Strichartz, S.D., Abedin, M.Z., Roslyn, J.J. (1988)J. Surg. Res. 44, 672–679.
Chang, S.H., and Ho, K.J. (1973)Arch. Pathol. 96, 417–426.
Gardner, B., Chenouda, M., Dennis, L., and Patti, J. (1978)Am. J. Surg. 135, 40–47.
Burnett, W. (1965) inThe Biliary System (Taylor, W., ed.), p. 601, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, England.
Carey, M.C., and Small, D.M. (1970)Am. J. Med. 49, 590–608.
Strichartz, S.D., Abedin, M.Z., Safarian, E.K., and Roslyn, J.J.,Am. J. Surg., in press.
Moton, P.N., Ellis, H.J., Higgins, M.J.P., and Dowling, H. (1980)Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 10, 325–332.
Report of the American Institute of Nutrition Ad Hoc Committee on Standards, for Nutritional Studies (1977)J. Nutrition 107, 1340–1348.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Abedin, M.Z., Strichartz, S.D., Festekdjian, S. et al. Increased biliary calcium in cholesterol and pigment gallstone disease: The role of altered bile acid composition. Lipids 24, 572–578 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02535071
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02535071