Abstract
The equilibrium of nitration of cellulose was studied at 13.1 and 20 °C in aqueous solutions of HNO3 (77.3–80.5 wt.%) forming quasi-homogeneous solutions with cellulose. At 20 °C under quasi-homogeneous conditions, the rates of cellulose nitration are comparable to those of homogeneous nitration of alcohols. The effective nitration constants differ substantially for heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions. Using IR spectra, the partial conversions in the nitration to the 2, 3 and 6 positions of the glucopyranose cycle and the effective equilibrium constants of formation of different isomeric nitrates were estimated.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
F. D. Miles,Cellulose Nitrate, London, 1955.
J. Chedin, A. Tribot, and S. Feneant,Compt. Rend., 1948,226, 2068.
T. K. Wu,Macromolecules, 1980,13, 74.
A. A. Chicherov, A. V. Kuznetsov, Yu. M. Kargin, V. V. Klochkov, G. N. Marchenko, and G. G. Garifzyanov,Vysokomol. Soedin., A, 1990,32, 502 [Polym. Sci. USSR, Ser. A, 1990,32 (Engl. Transl.)].
E. A. Panina, V. A. Rafeev, Yu. I. Rubtsov, and N. V. Chukanov,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., 1990, 1273 [Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1990,39, 1143 (Engl. Transl.)].
B. S. Svetlov and V. P. Shelaputina,Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1966,40, 2889 [J. Phys. Chem. (USSR), 1966,40 (Engl. Transl.)].
R. S. Jessup and E. J. Prosen,J. Research of the National Bureau of Standards (U.S.), 1950,44, 387.
V. A. Rafeev, Yu. I. Rubtsov, V. V. Avdonin, T. V. Sorokina, and A. M. Korolev,Zav. labor. [Plant Laboratory], 1993, No. 3, 39 (in Russian).
N. V. Chukanov, L. N. Leksina, Yu. N. Rogov, S. I. Firgang, and A. I. Usov,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., 1987, 1763 [Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1987,36, 1631 (Engl. Transl.)].
A. I. Kazakov, Yu. I. Rubtsov, L. V. Zabelin, Yu. M. Kargin, G. B. Manelis, and G. N. Marchenko,Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1984,277, 618 [Dokl. Chem., 1984 (Engl. Transl.)].
B. D. Mel'nikov and E. B. Mel'nikov, inKratkii inzhenernyi spravochnik po tekhnologii neorganicheskikh veshchestv. Grafiki i nomogrammy [Brief Engineering Reference Book on Technology of Inorganic Substances. Plots and Nomograms], Khimiya, Moscow, 1968, 105 (in Russian).
B. D. Bunday,Basic Optimisation Methods, Edward Arnold Publishers, London, 1984.
A. I. Kazakov, G. V. Lagodzinskaya, L. P. Andrienko, N. G. Yunda, A. M. Korolev, Yu. I. Rubtsov, G. B. Manelis, and L. T. Eremenko,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., 1990, 1723 [Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1990,39, 1560 (Engl. Transl.)].
V. A. Rafeev, Yu. I. Rubtsov, and T. V. Sorokina,Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., 1996, 1981 [Russ. Chem. Bull., 1996,45, 1879 (Engl. Transl.)].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 66–70, January, 1999.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rafeev, V.A., Rubtsov, Y.I., Sorokina, T.V. et al. Equilibrium constants of cellulose nitration by nitric acid under quasi-homogeneous conditions. Russ Chem Bull 48, 66–70 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494402
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02494402