Abstract
The control of artificial limbs and other restorative systems is discussed in terms of closed-loop control and sensory feedback. Feedback modalities are classified in three categories:
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(1)
Supplemental Sensory Feedback
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(2)
Artificial Reflexes
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(3)
Control Interface Feedback.
Historical attempts to provide sensory feedback in prostheses are discussed and put in the context of more modern efforts in this area.
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This work was supported by the Rehabilitation Engineering R & D Service of the U.S. Veterans Administration.
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Childress, D.S. Closed-loop control in prosthetic systems: Historical perspective. Ann Biomed Eng 8, 293–303 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02363433
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02363433