Abstract
A new branch was induced on the side wall of fern protonema by cell centrifugation and subsequent polarized red light irradiation after the induction of cell division under white light. Nuclear behavior during the branch formation was analyzed.
Immediately after cell division, the two daughter nuclei moved away from the division site in both red and dark conditions. Under continuous irradiation with polarized red light, cell swelling occurred as an early step of branching near the cell dividing wall, even though the nucleus was localized far from the branching site at the beginning of the swelling. After a new branch started to grow, the nucleus returned to the branching site and moved into the new branch from its basipetal end. When a protonema incubated in the dark was centrifuged again acropetally or basipetally just before the irradiation of polarized red light, the rate of apical growth or branch formation was increased, respectively. Moreover, growth of a branched protonema was altered from its former apex or from the branch again by dislocating the nucleus acropetally or basipetally by centrifugation, respectively. These facts suggest that the nucleus has no polarity physiologically, i.e. head and tail, namely either end of the spindle-shaped nucleus can be the nuclear front in a tip-growing protonema.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- DAPI:
-
4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- PPB:
-
preprophase band
References
Browley, S.H. andRobinson, K.R. 1985. Cytochalasin treatment disrupts the endogenous currents associated with cell polarization in fucoid zygotes: Studies of the role of F-actin in embryogenesis. J. Cell Biol.100: 1173–1184.
Gassmann, W. andSchroeder, J. 1994. Inward-rectifying K+ channels in root hairs of wheat. Plant Physiol.105: 1399–1408.
Gunning, B.E.S. 1982. The cytokinetic apparatus: its development and spatial regulation.In C.W. Lloyd, ed., The Cytoskeleton in Plant Growth and Development, Academic Press, London, pp. 229–292.
Kadota, A., Koyama, M., Wada, M. andFuruya, M. 1984. Action spectra for polarotropism and phototropism in protonemata of the fernAdiantum capillus-veneris. Physiol. Plant.61: 327–330.
Kadota, A. and Wada, M. 1995. Cytoskeletal aspects of nuclear migration during tip-growth in the fernAdiantum protonemal cell. Protoplasma in press.
Kataoka, H. andWeisenseel, M.H. 1988. Blue light promotes ionic current influx at the growing apex ofVaucheria terrestris. Planta173: 490–499.
Kiss, J.Z., Wang-Cahill, F. andKiss, H.G. 1995. The ultrastructure of the early development ofSchizaea pusilla gametophytes. Inter. J. Plant Sci.156: 131–142.
Kropf, D.L. 1992. Role of cytoskeleton in cellular morphogenesis of zygotes of fucoid algae.In D. Menzel, ed., The Cytoskeleton of the Algae, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 79–92.
Kropf, D.L., Caldwell, J.H., Gow, N.A.R. andHarold, F.M. 1984. Transcellular ion currents in the water moldAclya. Amino acid proton symport as a mechanism of current entry. J. Cell Biol.99: 486–496.
Lancelle, S. andHepler, P.K. 1992. Ultrastructure of freeze-substituted pollen tubes ofLilium longiflorum. Protoplasma167: 215–230.
Lloyd, C. 1983. Helical microtubular arrays in onion root hairs. Nature305: 311–313.
Murata, T., Kadota, A., Hogetsu, T. andWada, M. 1987. Circular arrangement of cortical microtubules around the subapical part of a tip-growing fern protonemata. Protoplasma141: 135–138.
Murata, T. andWada, M. 1989. Re-organization of microtubules during preprophase band development inAdiantum protonemata. Protoplasma151: 81–87.
Nuccitelli, R. andJaffe, L.F. 1974. Spontaneous current pulses through developing fucoid eggs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA71: 4855–4859.
Ootaki, T. 1963. Modification of the developmental axis by centrifugation inPteris vittata. Cytologia28: 21–29.
Ootaki, T. 1965. Branching in fern gametophyte,Pteris vittata, under various light conditions. Cytologia30: 182–193.
Ootaki, T. 1968. Polarity in the branching ofPteris vittata protonemata. Embryologia10: 152–163.
Racusen, R.H. andCooke, T.J. 1982. Electrical changes in the apical cell of the fern gametophyte during irradiation with photomorphogenetically active light. Plant Physiol.70: 331–334.
Ridge, R.W. 1988. Freeze-substitution improves the ultrastructural preservation of legume root hairs. Bot. Mag. Tokyo101: 427–441.
Schmiedel, G. andSchnepf, E. 1979a. Side branch formation and orientation in the caulonema of the moss,Funaria hygrometrica: Normal development and fine structure. Protoplasma100: 367–383.
Schmiedel, G. andSchnepf, E. 1979b. Side branch formation and orientation in the caulonema of the moss,Funaria hygrometrica: experiments with inhibitors and with centrifugation. Protoplasma101: 47–59.
Schmiedel, G. andSchnepf, E. 1980. Polarity and growth of caulonema tip cells of the mossFunaria hygrometrica. Planta147: 405–413.
Wada, M., Kadota, A. andFuruya, M. 1983. Intracellular localization and dichroic orientation of phytochrome in plasma membrane and/or ectoplasm of a contrifuged protonema of fernAdiantum capillus-veneris. Plant Cell Physiol.24: 1441–1447.
Wada, M., Mineyuki, Y. andFuruya, M. 1982. Changes in the rate of organelle movement during progression of the cell cycle inAdiantum protonemata. Protoplasma113: 132–136.
Wada, M. andMurata, T. 1991. Cytoskeleton in fern protonemal growth in relation to photomorphogenesis.In C. Lloyd, ed., The Cytoskeleton, Basis of Plant Growth and Form, Academic Press, London, pp. 277–288.
Wada, M. andO'Brien, T.P. 1975. Observations on the structure of the protonema ofAdiantum capillus-veneris L. undergoing cell division following white-light irradiation. Planta126: 213–337.
Wada, M. andSugai, M. 1994. Photobiology in ferns.In R.E. Kendrick and G.H.M. Kronenberg, eds., Photomorphogenesis in Plants, 2nd ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 783–802.
Weisenseel, M.H. 1979. Growth movements directed by light. Induction of polarity.In W. Haupt and M.E. Feinleib, eds., Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series Vol. 7, Physiology of Movements, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 485–505.
Weisenseel, M.H. andJaffe, L.F. 1976. The major growth current through lily pollen tubes enters as K− and leaves as H+. Planta133: 1–7.
Zakian, V.A. 1984. Architecture of interphase nuclei. Nature308: 406.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wada, M. Nuclear behavior during branch formation in a centrifugedAdiantum protonema and the nuclear polarity. J. Plant Res. 108, 501–509 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02344240
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02344240