Abstract
Fusarium javanicum Kds. has been isolated from wilted vegetable marrows and melons and from the soil of a citrus grove in Israel. The morphology of the species is described, and measurements and drawings of macroconidia are presented.In vitro tests showed thatF. javanicum failed to develop at either 12 or 40° C, and developed better at 24° C than 18 or 30° C. Mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar was always better at pH 7 than at pH 4.2. Darkness favored such growth to a marked extent only at 18° C and pH 4.2. In glasshouse inoculation tests one isolate ofF. javanicum from vegetable marrow proved clearly pathogenic to cucumber, melon, watermelon and marrow. Measurements of macroconidia have been made, for comparative purposes, on isolates ofF. javanicum var.ensiforme and ofF. solani f.cucurbitae furnished from abroad, and on isolates ofF. solani from cucurbits in Israel. Comparing the data for 3-septate macroconidia with those given in literature forF. solani and forF. javanicum and its var.radicicola and var.ensiforme, it is concluded that two groups can be distinguished: One group comprises, with one exception, all isolates ofF. javanicum and its varieties as well asF. solani f.cucurbitae, and is characterized by slender macroconidia. The other group is represented byF. solani with its typically sausage shaped conidia. It is concluded thatF. javanicum should be maintained as a species distinct fromF. solani. It is further suggested that what has been calledF. solani f.cucurbitae may have closer affinity toF. javanicum than toF. solani.
Zusammenfassung
Fusarium javanicum Koorders wurde in Israel von verwelkten Cucurbitaceen(Cucurbita pepo ‘Kussa’ andCucumis melo) sowie von dem Boden einer Citruspflanzung isoliert. Die Morphologie des Pilzes wird hier beschreiben. Inin vitro Versuchen entwickelte sichF. javanicum auf Kartoffel-Dextrose Agar weder bei 12 noch bei 40° C, und wuchs besser bei 24 als bei 18 oder 30° C. Das Wachstum des Myzeliums war stets besser bei pH 7 als bei pH 4.2. Dunkelheit förderte dieses Wachstum erheblich nur bei 18° C und pH 4.2. In Impfungsversuchen im Glasshaus wirkte ein Isolat desF. javanicum vonC. pepo stark pathogenisch auf Gurken, Melonen, Wassermelonen undC. pepo. Zwecks taxonomischer Vergleiche wurden Makrokonidien aus dem Ausland erhaltener Isolate vonF. javanicum var.ensiforme undF. solani f.cucurbitae gemessen, sowie solche desF. solani von Cucurbitaceen in Israel. Die Resultate dieser Messungen wurden mit den in der Literatur angegebenen Werten fürF. solani, F. javanicum und dessen var.radicicola und var.ensiforme verglichen. Dieser Vergleich zeigte 2 klar getrennte Gruppen: Die erste enthält, mit einer Ausnahme, alle Isolate desF. javanicum und desF. solani f.cucurbitae, und besitzt typisch schlanke Makrokonidien. Die zweite Gruppe besteht ausF. solani mit seinen typisch dickeren, Würstchenartigen Sporen. Dies führt zu dem Schluß daßF. javanicum weiterhin als eine vonF. solani getrennte Spezies zu betrachten ist.
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Joffe, A.Z., Palti, J. Fusarium javanicum Koorders in Israel. Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata 42, 305–314 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02051960
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02051960