Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Goligher J. Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1984:170–91.
Corman ML. Colon and rectal surgery. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1989:73–84.
Goldberg SM, Gordon PH, Nivatvongs S. Essentials of anorectal surgery. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1980.
Kratzer GL, Demarest JR. Office management of colon and rectal disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1985:87–94.
Macleod HJ. A method of proctology. Hagerstown: Harper and Row, 1979:37–43.
Sweeney JL, Ritchie JK, Nicholls RJ. Anal fissure in Crohn's disease. Br J Surg 1988;75:56–7.
Shub HA, Salvati EP, Rubin RJ. Conservative treatment of anal fissure: an unselected, retrospective and continuous study. Dis Colon Rectum 1978;21:582–3.
Abcarian H. Lateral internal sphincterotomy: a new technique for treatment of chronic fissure-in-ano. Surg Clin North Am 1975;55:143–50.
Abcarian H. Surgical correction of chronic anal fissure: results of lateral internal sphincterotomy vs fissurectomy—midline sphincterotomy. Dis Colon Rectum 1980;23:31–6.
Abcarian H, Lakshamanan S, Read DR, Roccaforte P. The role of internal sphincter in chronic anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum 1982;25:525–8.
Bailey R, Rubin RJ, Salvati EP. Lateral internal sphincterotomy. Dis Colon Rectum 1978;21:584–6.
Bennett RC, Goligher JC. Results of internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure. BMJ 1962;5318:1500–3.
Boulos PB, Araujo JG. Adequate internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: subcutaneous or open technique? Br J Surg 1984;71:360–2.
Eisenhammer S. Surgical correction of chronic internal anal (sphincteric) contracture. S Afr Med J 1951;25:486–9.
Eisenhammer S. The evaluation of the internal anal sphincterotomy operation with special reference to anal fissure. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1959;109:583–90.
Eisenhammer S. The internal anal sphincter: its surgical importance. S Afr Med J 1953;27:266–70.
Hawley PR. The treatment of chronic fissure-in-ano: a trial of methods. Br J Surg 1969;56:915–8.
Hoffmann DC, Goligher JC. Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy in treatment of anal fissure. BMJ 1970;3:673–5.
Hsu T-C, MacKeigan JM. Surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure: a retrospective study of 1753 cases. Dis Colon Rectum 1984;27:475–8.
Lewis TH, Corman ML, Prager ED, Robertson WG. Long-term results of open and closed sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 1988;31:368–71.
Mazier WP. An evaluation of the surgical treatment of anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum 1972;15:222–7.
Millar DM. Subcutaneous lateral internal anal sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Br J Surg 1971;58:737–9.
Notaras MJ. Lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy for anal fissure—a new technique. J R Soc Med 1969;62:713.
Notaras MJ. The treatment of anal fissure by lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy—a technique and results. Br J Surg 1971;58:96–100.
Parks AG. Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy for chronic fissures in ano. Hosp Med 1967;1:737.
Ravikumar TS, Sridhar S, Rao RN. Subcutaneous lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic fissure-inano. Dis Colon Rectum 1982;25:798–801.
Ray JE, Penfold JC, Gathright JB, Roberson SH. Lateral subcutaneous internal anal sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 1974;17:139–44.
Rudd W. Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure, an outpatient procedure. Dis Colon Rectum 1975;18:319–23.
Samson RB, Stewart WR. Sliding skin grafts in the treatment of anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 1970;13:372–5.
Jensen SL, Lund F, Nielsen OV, Tange G. Lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy versus anal dilatation in the treatment of fissure in ano in outpatients: a prospective randomized study. BMJ 1984;289:528–30.
Watts JM, Bennett RC, Goligher JC. Stretching of the anal sphincters in the treatment of fissure-in-ano. BMJ 1964;2:342–3.
Weaver RM, Ambrose NS, Alexander-Williams J, Keighley MR. Manual dilatation of the anus vs. lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic fissure-in-ano: results of a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Dis Colon Rectum 1987;30:420–3.
Khubchandani IT, Reed JF. Sequelae of internal sphincterotomy for chronic fissure in ano. Br J Surg 1989;76:431–4.
Nickell WB, Woodward ER. Advancement flaps for treatment of anal stricture. Arch Surg 1972;104:223–4.
Lin J-K. Anal manometric studies in hemorrhoids and anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum 1989;32:839–42.
Arabi Y, Alexander-Williams J, Keighley MR. Anal pressures in hemorrhoids and anal fissure. Am J Surg 1977;134:608–10.
Coller JA, Karulf RE. Anal fissure. In: Fazio VW, ed. Current therapy in colon and rectal surgery. Philadelphia: B. C. Decker, 1990:15–9.
Walker WA, Rothenberger DA, Goldberg SM. Morbidity of internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure and stenosis. Dis Colon Rectum 1985;28:832–5.
Salvati EP. Urinary retention in anorectal and colonic surgery. Am J Surg 1957;94:114–7.
Ferrari TB, Ray EJ, Gathright JB. Complication of colon and rectal surgery: prevention and management. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1985:91–101.
Author information
Consortia
Additional information
The practice parameters set forth in this documents have been developed from sources believed to be reliable. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons makes no warranty, guaranty or representation whatsoever as to the absolute validity or sufficiency of any parameter included in this document, and the Society assumes no responsibility for the use or misuse of the material contained herein.
About this article
Cite this article
The Standards Task Force., American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Practice parameters for the management of anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 35, 206–208 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02050683
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02050683