Abstract
The effect of substitution of KNO3 by NaNO3 in black powder has been studied by DSC, TG/DTG and FTIR emission spectroscopy. Unlike KNO3, there is no visible exothermic reaction between S and NaNO3, immediately after the melting of NaNO3. Instead a minor exothermic reaction is observed at higher temperature between melted NaNO3 and adsorbed S on carbon. However, there is an increase in such reaction, when carbon black instead of charcoal is used. Infrared spectra show that CO2 and Na2SO4 are major gaseous and solid products respectively. This shows that the combustion of ternary mixtures in air is different from that in N2, with slower heating rate, in DSC or TG apparatus.
Zusammenfassung
Mittels DSC, TG/DTG und FTIR Emissionsspektroskopie wurde der Effekt des Ersatzes von KNO3 gegen NaNO3 in Sprengpulver untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu KNO3 gibt es unmittelbar nach dem Schmelzen von NaNO3 keine wahrnehmbare exotherme Reaktion zwischen S und NaNO3. Dafür wurde bei höheren Temperaturen eine geringe exotherme Reaktion zwischen geschmolzenem NaNO3 und an C adsorbiertem S beobachtet. Unabhängig davon werden Reaktionen begünstigt, in denen man anstelle von Holzkohle Ruß verwendet. IR-Spektren zeigen, daß die hauptsächlichen gasförmigen und festen Produkte CO2 bzw. Na2SO4 sind. Dies zeigt, daß sich die Verbrennung ternärer Gemische in Luft von der in Stickstoff unterscheidet.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
G. Hussain and G. J. Rees, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 15 (1990) 43.
G. Hussain and G. J. Rees, Proc. Int. Pyrotech. Seminar, 15 (1990) 469.
G. Hussain and G. J. Rees, submitted, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics.
F. Freedman and R. A. Sasse, Proc. Int. Pyrotech. Seminar, 9 (1984) 177.
T. Urbansky, Chemistry and technology of explosives, Volume 3, Pergamon Press, London 1967, pp. 322–341.
S. Meyers and E. S. Shanley, J. Hazard. Materials, 23 (1990) 183.
A. D. Kirshenbaum, Thermochim. Acta, 18 (1977) 113.
M. E. Brown and R. A. Rugunanan, ibid, 134 (1988) 413.
C. Campbell and G. Weingarten, Trans. Far. Soc., 55 (1959) 2221.
A. P. Glazkova, V. A. Kazarova and A. V. Savelyer, Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva, 25 (1989) 17.
H. Singh, M. R. Somayajulu and R. B. Rao, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 13 (1988) 52.
C. J. Mady, P. J. Hickey and D. W. J. Netzer, Spacecrafts and Rockets, 15 (1978) 131.
L. M. Aikmanet al. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 12 (1987) 17.
H. Singh, M. R. Somayrjulu and R. B. Rao, Combustion Flame, 76 (1989) 57.
Chiu, J. Anal. Chem., 35 (1963) 933.
G. Hussain and G. J. Rees, Submitted Fuel.
M. E. Brown and R A. Rugunanan, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 14 (1989) 69.
G. Herzberg, Infrared and Raman Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules, Vol 2, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., London 1945, p. 274
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
We thank the Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence for the support of this research.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hussain, G., Rees, G.J. A study on combustion behaviour of carbon-sulphur-sodium nitrate mixtures. Journal of Thermal Analysis 37, 757–762 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01913155
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01913155