Zusammenfassung
Die postkretazische Entwicklung der Asiatischen Platte in Burma zeigt starke Beeinflussung durch die Spreizung des östlichen Indischen Ozeans und die Drift von „Groß-Indien“ nach Norden. Der westliche Abschnitt Burmas war während des frühen Mesozoikums ein Bereich, der klastische Sedimente aufnahm. Im späten Mesozoikum wurden die östlichen Teile Burmas landfest, während die westlichen Abschnitte von einem Shelfmeer eingenommen wurden, an welches sich gegen W eine Geosynklinale (Indoburman Geosyncline) anschloß, die langsam westwärts wanderte. Oberkretazische Flysche wurden hier nachgewiesen. Die Kollision der Indischen Platte mit der Asiatischen Platte veränderte die Sedimentationsbedingungen in Burma. Die Indoburmanischen Ketten tauchten während des Miozän auf, bildeten einen Äußeren Inselbogen und ließen die Bucht von Bengalen entstehen. Die Subduktion entlang der W-Küste von Burma änderte sich im N mit der Annäherung der kontinentalen Kruste Indiens und führte zu Überschiebungen im N-Teil der Indoburmanischen Ketten. Rezent scheint Subduktion nur südlich 18° N im östlichen Teil der Bucht von Bengalen aktiv zu sein. Die Öffnung der Andamanen-See fügt sich in die dynamische Entwicklung dieses Bereiches ein.
Abstract
The Post-Cretaceous evolution of the Asian Plate in Burma is strongly influenced by the spreading of the Eastern Indian Ocean and the movement of “Greater India” northward. The Western part of Burma apparently was an area which received clastic sediments during the early mesozoic times. During the end of the mesozoic the Eastern part of Burma emerged from the ocean. The Western part formed the shelf area with a slowly westwards migrating geosyncline (Indoburman Geosyncline) to the West of it. Flysch sediments of upper Cretaceous age have been found in this area. The collision of the Indian Plate with the Asian Plate changed the sedimentary conditions in Burma. The emergence of the Indoburman Ranges happened during the Miocene, generating an Outer Island Arc and forming the Bay of Bengal. The subduction along the W coast of Burma changed in the N with the approach of continental Indian crust and led to thrusts in the N part of the Indoburman Ranges. Today subduction appears to be active only S of 18° N in the Eastern Bay of Bengal. The opening of the Andaman Sea fits into the dynamical development of the area.
Résumé
L'évolution postcrétacée de la plaque asiatique en Birmanie est fortement influencée par l'accroissement de l'Océan Indien oriental et la dérive du continent Indien vers le nord. La partie occidentale de la Birmanie fût au début du Mésozoïque une aire de réception de sédiments clastiques. A la fin du Mésozoïque les parties orientales de la Birmanie se transformèrent en terre ferme, tandis que les régions occidentales furent submergées, formant une plate-forme continentale (shelf), à laquelle s'adjoignit vers l'ouest un géosynclinal (géosynclinal indobirman), progressant lentement vers l'ouest. Des flyschs d'âge crétacé supérieur ont été décrits dans cette zone. La collision entre la plaque Indienne et la plaque Asiatique changea les conditions de sédimentation en Birmanie. Les chaînes Indobirmanes firent leur émersion au cours du Miocène, en engendrant un arc insulaire externe, ainsi que le golfe du Bengale. La subduction le long de la côte occidentale Birmane se transforma au nord avec le rapprochement de la plaque Indienne et induisit des chevauchements dans la partie septentrionale des chaînes Indobirmanes. La subduction semble n'être active récemment qu'au sud de 18° N dans la partie orientale du golfe du Bengale. L'ouverture de la mer Andamane s'imbrique dans le développement dynamique de cette région.
Краткое содержание
Послемеловое развит ие азиатской платфор мы в Бирме характеризуется сильным слиянием рас ширения восточного И ндийского океана и дрейфом „великой Индии“ на се вер. Западная часть Би рмы была во время раннего мезозоя тем местом, ку да сносились кластич еские осадочные породы. В по зднем мезозое восточная Би рма оказалась сушей, в то время, как западную часть еë заняло шельф овое море, к которому п римыкала идущая на запад геосинклиналь (Индоб ирманская геосинкли наль), медленно сдвигающая ся на запад. Здесь устано влены верхнемеловые флиши. Коллизия индийской плиты с азиатской изм енила условия осадко накопления в Бирме. Во время миоцена появля ются индо-бирманские цепи гор, образуя внешнюю островную дугу, в резу льтате чего образует ся Бенгальский залив. Со сближением континентальной кор ы Индии изменяется за сасывание ее вдоль западного побережья Бирмы на севере и прив одит к появлению нарушений в северной части индо-бирманских гор. В наст оящее время субдукция каже тся активной только на юг от 18° северной широты в восточной части Бенгальской бухты. Открытие озера Андаманен связано с д инамикой развития в этой области.
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Bannert, D., Helmcke, D. The evolution of the Asian Plate in Burma. Geol Rundsch 70, 446–458 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01822125
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01822125