Summary
The distribution of corticonuclear fibers to medial-most parts of the posterior interposed nucleus (NIP) from lateral areas of the vermis was studied in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), using a silver impregnation method. The origin and course of degenerated fibers were studied in serial sections. The distribution pattern of corticonuclear fibers from a series of small well localized lesions placed in the vermis and paravermal cortex of lobule V is compatible with the interpretation that an x zone is present inSaimiri. A comparison of the positions of lesions and the trajectory of fibers arising therein suggests that corticonuclear input to medial-most parts of the NIP originated from a narrow cortical area (about 0.5–0.7 mm wide) located between a cortical area projecting into the medial cerebellar nucleus (the A zone) and a laterally adjacent area (the B zone) which related to the lateral vestibular nucleus. This NIP-projecting cortical area, located about 1.7 mm to 2.5 mm off the midline in lobule V, is interpreted as the x zone in this primate; it extends from lobule IV into lobule VI in squirrel monkey. Corticonuclear fibers of zone x in this primate form a comparatively small terminal field in the medial-most portions of NIP. This contrasts with the distribution of corticonuclear fibers of the C2 zone which consistently distribute to terminal fields that are shifted into more central areas of NIP. There appears to be no overlap of the corticonuclear terminal fields in the NIP for zone x versus the C2 zone. These results were correlated with data from the literature on the distribution of olivocerebellar fibers to the x zone and the C2 zone and the arrangement of cerebellar nucleoolivary projections into the inferior olive from the NIP. The x zone and the C2 zone both receive input from the contralateral medial accessory olive (MAO), both zones project into the NIP, and the NIP projects into those regions of the MAO which, in turn, project to these respective cortical zonesand into the NIP. This suggest that the x zone is a component of the NIP-MAO circuit. Furthermore the proposed function of the x zone would support the view that this sagittal strip may have a more extensive rostrocaudal distribution in primates as compared to the cat.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Andersson G, Eriksson L (1981) Spinal, trigeminal, and cortical climbing fiber paths to the lateral vermis of the cerebellar anterior lobe in the cat. Exp Brain Res 44:71–81
Angaut P, Brodal A (1967) The projection of the “vestibulocerebel-llum” onto the vestibular nuclei in the cat. Arch Ital Biol 105:441–479
Armstrong DM, Schild RF (1978a) An investigation of the cerebellar cortico-nuclear projections in the rat using an autoradiographic tracing method. I. Projections from the vermis. Brain Res 141:1–19
Armstrong DM, Schild RF (1978b) An investigation of the cerebellar corticonuclear projections in the rat using an autoradiographic tracing method. II. Projections from the hemisphere. Brain Res 141:235–249
Bernard J-F (1987) Topographical organization of olivocerebellar and corticonuclear connections in the rat — An WGA-HRP study: I. Lobules IX, X, and the flocculus. J Comp Neurol 263:241–258
Beyerl BD, Borges LF, Swearingen B, Sidman RL (1982) Parasagittal organization of the olivocerebellar projection in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 209:339–346
Bishop GA (1988) Quantitative analysis of the recurrent collaterals derived from Purkinje cells in zone x of the cat's vermis. J Comp Neurol 274:17–31
Bishop GA, McCrea RA, Lighthall JW, Litai ST (1979) An HRP and autoradiographic study of the projection from the cerebellar cortex to the nucleus interpositus anterior and nucleus interpositus posterior of the cat. J Comp Neurol 185:735–756
Bishop GA, Blake TL, O'Donoghue DL (1987) The distribution pattern of Purkinje cell axon collaterals: Variations on a theme. In: King JS (ed) New concepts in cerebellar neurobiology. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 29–56
Brodal A (1980) Olivocerebellar projection in the cat as determined with the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase 2. Topographical pattern in relation to the longitudinal subdivision of the cerebellum. In: Courville J, deMontigny C, Lamarre Y (eds) The inferior olivary nucleus, anatomy and physiology. Raven Press, New York, pp 187–205
Brodal P, Brodal A (1982) Further observations on the olivocerebellar projection in the monkey. Exp Brain Res 45:71–83
Brodal A, Courville J (1973) Cerebellar corticonuclear projection in the cat. Crus II. An experimental study with silver methods. Brain Res 50:1–23
Brodal A, Kawamura K (1980) Olivocerebellar Projection: A Review. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 64:1–140
Brodal A, Walberg F (1977a) The olivocerebellar projection in the cat studied with the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase IV. The projection to the anterior lobe. J Comp Neurol 172:85–108
Brodal A, Walberg F (1977b) The olivocerebellar projection in the cat studied with the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase VI. The projection onto longitudinal zones of the paramedian lobule. J Comp Neurol 176:281–294
Brodal A, Walberg F, Hoddevik GH (1975) The olivocerebellar projection in the cat stained with the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. J Comp Neurol 164:449–470
Campbell NC, Armstrong DM (1985) Origin in the medial accessory olive of climbing fibres to the x and lateral C1 zones of the cat cerebellum: a combined electrophysiological/WGA-HRP investigation. Exp Brain Res 58:520–531
Chan-Palay V, Palay SL, Brown JT, Van Itallie C (1977) Sagittal organization of olivocerebellar and reticulo-cerebellar projections: Autoradiographic studies with35S-methionine. Exp Brain Res 30:561–576
Courville J, Cooper CW (1970) The cerebellar nuclei ofMacaca mulatta: a morphological study. J Comp Neurol 140:241–254
Courville J, Diakiw N (1976) Cerebellar corticonuclear projection in the cat. The vermis of the anterior and posterior lobes. Brain Res 110:1–20
Courville J, Diakiw N, Brodal A (1973) Cerebellar corticonuclear projections in the cat. The paramedian lobule. An experimental study with silver methods. Brain Res 50:25–45
Dietrichs E (1981a) The cerebellar corticonuclear and nucleocortical projections in the cat as studied with anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase III. The anterior lobe. Anat Embryol 162:223–247
Dietrichs E (1981b) The cerebellar corticonuclear and nucleocortical projections in the cat as studied with anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase IV. The paraflocculus. Exp Brain Res 44:235–242
Dietrichs E (1983) The cerebellar corticonuclear and nucleocortical projections in the cat as studied with anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish perxodiase V. The posterior lobe vermis and the flocculonodular lobe. Anat Embryol 167:449–462
Dietrichs E, Walberg F (1979) The cerebellar corticonuclear and nucleocortical projections in the cat as studied with anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase I. The paramedian lobule. Anat Embryol 158:13–39
Dietrichs E, Walberg F (1980) The cerebellar corticonuclear and nucleocortical projections in the cat as studied with anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase II. Lobulus simplex, Crus I and II. Anat Embryol 161:83–103
Dietrichs E, Walberg F (1985) The cerebellar nucleoolivary and olivocerebellar nuclear projections in the cat as studied with anterograde and retrograde transport in the same animal after implantation of crystalline WGA-HRP II. The fastigial nucleus. Anat Embryol 173:253–261
Dietrichs E, Walberg F (1986) The cerebellar nucleo-olivary and olivocerebellar nuclear projections in the cat as studied with anterograde and retrograde transport in the same animal after implantation of crystalline WGA-HRP III. The interposed nuclei. Brain Res 373:373–383
Dietrichs E, Walberg F (1989) Direct bidirectional connections between the inferior olive and the cerebellar nuclei. In: Strata P (ed) The olivocerebellar system in motor control. Springer, Berlin, pp 61–81
Eager RP (1963) Efferent corticonuclear pathways in the cerebellum of the cat. J Comp Neurol 120:81–104
Eisenman LM (1981) Olivocerebellar projections to the pyramis and copula pyramidis in the rat: Differential projections of parasagittal zones. J Comp Neurol 199:65–76
Ekerot C-F, Larson B (1979a) The dorsal spinoolivocerebellar system in the cat I. Functional organization and termination in the anterior lobe. Exp Brain Res 36:201–217
Ekerot C-F, Larson B (1979b) The dorsal spinoolivocerebellar system in cat II. Somatotopical organization. Exp Brain Res 36:219–232
Ekerot C-F, Larson B (1982) Branching of olivary axons to innervate pairs of sagittal zones in the cerebellar anterior lobe of the cat. Exp Brain Res 48:185–198
Fink RP, Heimer L (1967) Two methods for selective silver impregnation of degenerating axons and their synaptic endings in the central nervous system. Brain Res 4:369–374
Flood S, Jansen J (1961) On the cerebellar nuclei in the cat. Acta Anat 46:52–72
Giolli RA, Karamanlidis AN (1978) The study of degenerating nerve fibers using silver-impregnation methods. In: Robertson RT (ed) Neuroanatomical research techniques. Academic Press, New York, pp 211–240
Goodman DC, Hallett RE, Welch RB (1963) Patterns of localization in the cerebellar cortico-nuclear projections of the albino rat. J Comp Neurol 121:51–67
Groenewegen HJ, Voogd J (1977) The parasagittal zonation within the olivocerebellar projection I. Climbing fiber distribution in the vermis of cat cerebellum. J Comp Neurol 174:417–488
Groenewegen HJ, Voogd J, Freedman SL (1979) The parasagittal zonation within the olivocerebellar projection II. Climbing fiber distribution in the intermediate and hemispheric parts of cat cerbellum. J Comp Neurol 183:551–602
Haines DE (1975) Cerebellar cortical efferents of the posterior lobe vermis in a prosimian primate (Galago) and the tree shrew (Tupaia). J Comp Neurol 163:21–40
Haines DE (1976) Cerebellar corticonuclear and corticovestibular fibers of the anterior lobe vermis in a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis). J Comp Neurol 170:67–95
Haines DE (1977) Cerebellar corticonuclear and corticovestibular fibers of the flocculonodular lobe in a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis). J Comp Neurol 174:607–630
Haines DE (1984) Organizational principles of cerebellar cortical systems. In: Davis R, Bloedel JR (eds) Cerebellar stimulation for spasticity and seizures. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 15–34
Haines DE (1986) The primate cerebellum. In: Swindler DR, Erwin J (eds) Comparative primate biology, Vol 1, Systematics, evolution, and anatomy. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 491–535
Haines DE (1989) HRP study of cerebellar corticonuclear-nucleocortical topography of the dorsal culminate lobule — lobule V — in a prosimian primate (Galago): with comments on nucleocortical cell types. J Comp Neurol 282:274–292
Haines DE, Patrick GW (1981) Cerebellar corticonuclear fibers of the paramedian lobule of tree shrew (Tupaia glis) with comments on zones. J Comp Neurol 201:99–119
Haines DE, Rubertone JA (1977) Cerebellar corticonuclear fibers: evidence of zones in the primate anterior lobe. Neurosci Lett 6:231–236
Haines DE, Rubertone JA (1979) Cerebellar corticonuclear fibers of the dorsal culminate lobule (anterior lobe — lobule V) in a prosimian primate,Galago senegalensis. J Comp Neurol 186:321–342
Haines DE, Whitworth RH (1978) Cerebellar cortical efferent fibers of the paraflocculus of tree shrew (Tupaia glis). J Comp Neurol 182:137–150
Haines DE, Patrick GW, Satrulee P (1982) Organization of cerebellar corticonuclear fiber systems. Exp Brain Res [Suppl 6]:320–371
Heimer L (1970) Selective silver-impregnation of degenerating axoplasm. In: Nauta WJH, Ebbesson SOE (eds) Contemporary research methods in neuroanatomy. Springer, New York, pp 106–131
Hohman LB (1929) The efferent connections of the cerebellar cortex; investigations based upon experimental extirpations in the cat. Res Publ Assoc Res New Ment Dis 6:445–460
Ito M (1984) The cerebellum and neural control. Raven Press, New York
Jansen J, Brodal A (1940) Experimental studies on the intrinsic fibers of the cerebellum. II. The cortico-nuclear projection. J Comp Neurol 73:267–321
Jansen J, Brodal A (1942) Experimental studies on the intrinsic fibers of the cerebellum. The corticonuclear projection in the rabbit and the monkey (Macaca rhesus). Skr Norske Vidensk, Akad I Math Nat Kl, Vol 11:1–50
Joseph JW, Shambes GM, Gibson JM, Walker W (1978) Tactile projections to granular cells in caudal vermis of the rat's cerebellum. Brain Behav Evol 15:141–149
Martin RD, Doyle GA, Walker AC (eds) (1974) Prosimian biology. Duckworth, London
Napier JR, Napier PH (1967) A handbook of living primates; morphology, ecology and behavior of nonhuman primates. Academic Press, London
Napier JR, Walker AC (1967) Vertical clinging and leaping, a newly recognised category of locomotor behaviour among primates. Folia Primatol 6:180–203
Olmos de JS, Ebbeson SOE, Heimer L (1981) Silver methods for the impregnation of degenerating axoplasm. In: Heimer L, RoBards MJ (eds) Neuroanatomical tract-tracing methods. Plenum Press, New York, pp 117–170
Oscarsson O (1969) The sagittal organization of the cerebellar anterior lobe as revealed by the projection patterns of the climbing fiber system. In: Llinás R (ed) Neurobiology of cerebellar evolution and development. AMA-ERF, Chicago, pp 525–537
Oscarsson O (1980) Functional organization of olivary projection to cerebellar anterior lobe. In: Courville J, de Montigny C, Lamarre Y (eds) The inferior olivary nucleus, anatomy and physiology. Raven Press, New York
Oscarsson O, Sjölund B (1977a) The ventral spinoolivocerebellar system in the cat. I. Identification of five paths and their termination in the cerebellar anterior lobe. Exp Brain Res 28:469–486
Oscarsson O, Sjölund B (1977b) The ventral spinoolivocerebellar system in the cat. III. Functional characteristics of the five paths. Exp Brain Res 28:505–520
Riche D, Courville J, Massion J, Nieoullon A (1971) Stereotaxic anatomy of the cerebellar nuclei of the baboon (Papio papio). J Physiol (Paris) 63:793–837
Robertson LT (1984) Topographic features of climbing fiber input in the rostral vermal cortex of the cat cerebellum. Exp Brain Res 55:445–454
Robertson LT (1987) Organization of climbing fiber representation in the anterior lobe. In: King JS (ed) New concepts in cerebellar neurobiology. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 281–320
Robertson LT, Laxer KD, Rushmer DS (1982) Organization of climbing fiber input from mechanoreceptors to lobule V vermal cortex of the cat. Exp Brain Res 46:281–291
Rossum van J (1969) Corticonuclear and corticovestibular projections of the cerebellum. An experimental investigation of the anterior lobe, the simple lobule and the caudal vermis in the rabbit. Dissertation, University of Leiden
Shambes GM, Gibson JM, Welker W (1978) Fractured somatotopy in granular cell tactile areas of rat cerebellar hemisphere revealed by micromapping. Brain Behav Evol 15:94–140
Tabuchi T, Umetani T, Yamadori T (1989) Corticonuclear and corticovestibular projections from the uvula in the albino rat: differential projections from sublobuli of the uvula. Brain Res 492:176–186
Trott JR (1989) The olivocerebellar input to the medial and lateral halves of the C1 and C3 zones of the cat anterior lobe. In: Strata P (ed) The olivocerebellar system in motor control. Springer, Berlin, pp 20–25
Trott J, Armstrong DM (1987a) The cerebellar corticonuclear projection from lobule Vb/c of the cat anterior lobe: a combined electrophysiological and autoradiographic study I. Projections from the intermediate region. Exp Brain Res 66:318–338
Trott J, Armstrong DM (1987b) The cerebellar corticonuclear projection from lobule Vb/c of the cat anterior lobe: a combined electrophysiological and autoradiographic study II. Projections from the vermis. Exp Brain Res 68:339–354
Trott JR, Armstrong DM (1987c) Olivocorticonuclear organization within lobule V of the anterior lobe of the cat cerebellum. In: King JS (ed) New concepts in cerebellar neurobiology. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 221–238
Umetani T (1989) Topographic organization of the corticonuclear fibers from the tuber vermis and paramedian lobule in the albino rat. Brain Behav Evol 33:334–341
Umetani T, Tabuchi T (1988) Topographic organization of the corticonuclear and corticovestibular projections from the pyramis and copula pyramidis in the albino rat. An autoradiographic orthograde tracing study. Brain Behav Evol 32:160–168
Umetani T, Tabuchi T, Ichimura R (1986) Cerebellar corticonuclear and corticovestibular fibers from the posterior lobe of the albino rat, with comments on zones. Brain Behav Evol 29:54–67
Voogd J (1964) The cerebellum of the cat. Structure and fibre connexions. Dissertation, University of Leiden
Voogd J (1969) The importance of fiber connections in the comparative anatomy of the mammalian cerebellum. In: Llinás R (ed) Neurobiology of cerebellar evolution and development. AMA-ERF, Chicago, pp 493–514
Voogd J (1983) Anatomical evidence for a cortical x zone in the cerebellum of the cat. Soc Neurosci Abstr 9:1091
Voogd J (1989) Parasagittal zones and compartments of the anterior vermis of the cat cerebellum. In: Strata P (ed) The olivocerebellar system in motor control. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 3–19
Voogd J, Bigaré F (1980) The topographical distribution of olivary and corticonuclear fibers in the cerebellum. A review. In: Courville J, de Montigny C, Lamarre Y (eds) The inferior olivary nucleus, anatomy and physiology. Raven Press, New York, pp 207–234
Voogd J, Hess DT (1989) Identification of A, X, and B cortical zones and white matter compartments in the anterior vermis of the cerebellum of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Soc Neurosci Abstr 15:611
Voogd J, Gerrits NM, Hess DT (1987a) Parasagittal zonation of the cerebellum in Macaques: an analysis based on acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. In: Glickstein M, Yeo C, Stein J (eds) Cerebellum and neuronal plasticity. NATO AS1 Series, Life Sciences, Vol 148, Plenum Press, New York, pp 15–39
Voogd J, Hess DT, Marani E (1987b) The parasagittal zonation of the cerebellar cortex in cat and monkey: topography, distribution of acetylcholinesterase, and development. In: King JS (ed) New concepts in cerebellar neurobiology. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 183–220
Walberg F (1980) Olivocerebellar projection in the cat as determined with the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase 1. Topographical pattern. In: Courville J, de Montigny C, Lamarre Y (eds) The inferior olivary nucleus, anatomy and physiology. Raven Press, New York, pp 169–186
Walberg F, Jansen J (1964) Cerebellar corticonuclear projection studied experimentally with silver impregnation methods. J Hirnforsch 6:338–354
Whitworth RH, Haines DE, Patrick GW (1983) The inferior olive of a prosimian primate,Galago senegalensis. II. Olivocerebellar projections to the vestibulocerebellum. J Comp Neurol 219:228–240
Yu Q-X, Ebner TJ, Bloedel JR (1985) Electrophysiological study of the corticonuclear projection in the cat cerebellum. Brain Res 327:121–134
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This paper is dedicated to Professor Fred Walberg on the occasion of his 70th birthday.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Haines, D.E., Dietrichs, E. Evidence of an x zone in lobule V of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) cerebellum: The distribution of corticonuclear fibers. Anat Embryol 184, 255–268 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01673260
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01673260