Abstract
In view of the recent interest in metal cluster beams obtained from free jet expansions, the paper extends the scaling laws and similarity relations developed for rare gases to metal vapors. The enthalpy of evaporation at 0 K and the density of the solid are used to define for both metals and rare gases, a species-characteristic temperature and length,T ch andr ch. This allows to transform the scaling parameter for condensation of a given gas,π=n 0·d q·T (0.25q-1.5)0 , into a reduced scaling parameter π* by replacingn 0,d andT 0 by their respective reduced termsn*=n·r 3ch ,d*=d/r ch, andT*=T/T ch. As shown before for the rare gases, free jets with the same π* are similar with respect to cluster formation. Based on an analysis of existing experimental data in terms of the respective π*, onset of condensation of metals in free jets is correlated by π* too. For π*<200 the free jets do not produce clusters, while for π*>1,000 clusters exceeding 100 atoms/cluster are being observed.
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