Summary
24 hours after a circumscribed cold injury of the cortex dog brains were perfused from the lateral ventricle and the frontal subarachnoidal space to the cisterna magna with an artificial CSF containing trace amounts of35S-labelled thiosulphate. Simultaneously the extracellular tracer was administered intravenously. Extracellular fluid volume was estimated and found to be increased from 10 to 15% in the oedematous cortex and from 10 to 27% in the oedematous white matter. The actual size of ECS in oedematous white matter, however, must be larger as indicated by the relative alterations of thiosulphate distribution, tissue water, sodium and chloride. Apparently a small part of the fluid accumulation affects the cellular compartment in oedematous white matter. It may be concluded from the close spatial correspondence of the spreading of I131 albumin and Evans blue, the increase in water and sodium content, and the enlargement of the TSS that the dilated extracellular channels are filled with a plasma like oedema fluid, derived from blood.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Ahmed, N., and A. Van Harreveld, The iodide space in rabbit brain. J. Physiol.204 (1969), 31–50.
Baethmann, A., and A. Van Harreveld, Physiological and Biochemical Findings in the Central Nervous System of Andrenalectomized Rats and Mice. In: Steroids and Brain Edema. Reulen, H. J., K. Schürmann (eds.), pp. 195–202. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer. 1972.
Bakay, L., and I. U. Haque, Morphological and chemical studies in cerebral edema. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol.23 (1964), 393–418.
Baker, R. N., P. A. Cancilla, and P. S. Pollock, The movement of exogenous protein in experimental cerebral edema. J. Neuropath.30 (1971), 668–678.
Blakemore, W. F., The fate of escaped plasma protein after thermal necrosis of the rat brain. J. Neuropathol. Exper. Neurol.28 (1969), 139–152.
Clasen, R. A., H. H. Sky-Peck, S. Pandolfi, J. Laing, and G. M. Hass, The chemistry of isolated edema fluid in experimental cerebral injury, pp. 536–553. In: Brain edema. Klatzo, I., and F. Seitelberger (eds.). Wien-New York: Springer. 1967.
Cserr, H., Potassium exchange between cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and brain. Amer. J. Physiol.209 (1965), 1219–1226.
Davson, H., The Blood-Brain-Barrier, pp. 323–445. In: The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue IV. G. H. Bourne (ed.). New York-London: Academic Press. 1972.
Frick, E., Immunhistologische Untersuchungen zum Hirnödem, pp. 227–229. In: Kienle, G.: Hydrodynamik, Elektrolyt- und Säure-Basenhaushalt. Stuttgart: Thieme. 1967.
Hase, U., Der extrazelluläre Raum in grauer und weißer Hirnsubstanz und die extra/intrazelluläre Ionen-Verteilung. Inaug. Diss. Mainz 1970.
Herrmann, H. D., and D. Neuenfeldt, Development and Regression of a Disturbance of the Blood-Brain-Barrier and of Edema in Tissue Surrounding a Circumscribed Cold Lesion. Exper. Neurology34 (1972), 115–120.
Katzman, R., N. K. Gonatas, and S. Levin, Electrolytes and fluids in experimental focal leukoencephalopathy. Arch. Neurol.10 (1964). 58–65.
Klatzo, I., J. Miquel, P. J. Ferris, J. D. Prokop, and D. E. Smith, Observations on the passage of the fluorescin labeled serum proteins (FLSP) from the cerebrospinal fluid. J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol.23 (1964), 18–35.
—, H. Wisneiwski, O. Steinwall, and E. Streicher, Dynamics of cold injury edema, pp. 554–563. In: Brain edema. Klatzo, I., and F. Seitelberger (eds.). Wien-New York: Springer. 1967.
Lee, J. C., and L. Bakay, Ultrastructural changes in the edematous central nervous system. II. Cold induced edema. Arch. Neurol.14 (1966), 36–49.
Pappius, H. M., and D. R. Gulati, Water and Electrolyte content of cerebral tissues in experimental induced edema. Acta Neuropath.2 (1963), 451–460.
Reulen, H. J., und A. Baethmann, Das Dinitrophenol-Ödem. Ein Modell zur Pathophysiologie des Hirnödems. Klin. Schr.45 (1967), 149–154.
—, U. Steude, W. Brendel, C. Hilber und S. Prusiner, Energetische Störungen des Kationentransportes als Ursache des intracellulären Hirnödems. Acta Neurochir.22 (1970), 129–166.
—, U. Hase, A. Fenske, M. Samii und K. Schürmann, Extrazellulärraum und Ionenverteilung in grauer und weißer Substanz des Hundehirns. Acta Neurochir.22 (1970), 305–325.
Reulen, H. J., O. Hey, and A. Fenske, Energy metabolism and glucose, lactate and pyruvate in brain tissue, plasma and CSF in cold induced edema. In preparation.
Streicher, E., P. J. Ferris, J. D. Prokop, and I. Klatzo, Brain volume and thiocyanate space in local cold injury. Arch. Neurol.11 (1964), 444–448.
Torack, R. M., R. D. Terry, and H. M. Zimmermann, The fine structure of cerebral fluid accumulation. I. Swelling secondary to cold injury. Amer. J. Pathol. 35 (1959), 1135–1147.
Van Harreveld, A., The extracellular space in the vertebrate central nervous system, pp. 449–511. In: The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue IV. G. H. Bourne (ed.) New York-London: Academic Press. 1972.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This investigation was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fenske, A., Samii, M., Reulen, H.J. et al. Extracellular space and electrolyte distribution in cortex and white matter of dog brain in cold induced oedema. Acta neurochir 28, 81–94 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405405
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405405