Summary
Nucleoid distribution in chloroplasts and etioplasts at the different developmental stages was examined with the first leaves ofAvena sativa by using a DNA-specific fluorescent probe, 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). In light-grown first leaves, three types of plastid nucleoid distribution were recognized. 1. Peripheral distribution in undeveloped chloroplasts which contain only a few thylakoids in the middle region of the leaf sheath. 2. Ring-like arrangement along the rim of developing and dividing young chloroplasts, of which grana were composed of four to eight layers of thylakoids, at the base of the leaf blade. The plane of the nucleoids' ring is in parallel with the face of the thylakoids. 3. Scattered distribution of 10 to 20 discrete spherular nucleoids in the stroma of fully developed chloroplasts, of which grana were composed of up to 20 thylakoids, in the regions of the middle and the tip of the leaf blade. In dark-grown first leaves two types were recognized. 1. Peripheral distribution in developing and dividing young etioplasts in the leaf sheath and the base of the leaf blade. 2. Scattered distribution of 10 or more discrete spherular nucleoids in fully developed etioplasts, containing extended prothylakoids, in the regions of the middle and the tip of the leaf blade. Ring-like arrangement of nucleoids was not observed in any etioplasts. The results indicates that spatial arrangement of plastid nucleoids dynamically changes in close relationship with the development of the inner membrane systems of plastids.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bisalputra, T., Bisalputra, A.-A., 1969: The ultrastructure of chloroplasts of a brown algaSphacelaria sp. I. Plastid DNA configuration—the chloroplast genophore. J. Ultrastruct. Res.29, 151–170.
— —, 1970: The ultrastructure of chloroplasts of a brown algaSphacelaria sp. III. The replication and segregation of chloroplast genophore. J. Ultrastruct. Res.32, 417–429.
Bisalputra, T., Burton, H., 1970: On the chloroplast DNA-membrane complex inSphacelaria sp. J. Microscopie9, 661–666.
Bubby, B. T., Dodge, J. D., 1974: The fine structure of the chloroplast nucleoid inScrippsiella sweeneyae (Dinophyceae). J. Ultrastruct. Res.48, 153–161.
Coleman, A. W., 1978: Visualization of chloroplast DNA with the fluorochromes. Exp. Cell Res.114, 95–100.
—, 1979: Use of the fluorochrome 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole in genetic and developmental studies of chloroplast DNA. J. Cell Biol.82, 299–305.
Gibbs, S. P., Chang, D., Slankis, T., 1974: The chloroplast nucleoid inOchromonas danica I. Three-dimensional morphology in lightand dark-grown cells. J. Cell Sci.16, 557–577.
Hashimoto, H., Murakami, S., 1982: Chloroplast replication and loss of chloroplast DNA induced by nalidixic acid inEuglena gracilis. Cell Struct. Func.7, 111–120.
Herrmann, R. G., Kowallik, K. V., Bohnert, H. J., 1974: Structural and functional aspects of the plastome. I. The organization of the plastome. Port. Acta Biol.14, 91–110.
—,Palta, H. K., Kowallik, K. V., 1980: Chloroplast DNA from threeArchegoniates. Planta148, 319–327.
Iwamura, T., 1960: Distribution of nucleic acids among subcellular fractions ofChlorella. Biochim. biophys. Acta42, 161–163.
James, T. W., Jope, C., 1978: Visualization by fluorescence of chloroplast DNA in higher plants by means of the DNA-specific probe 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. J. Cell Biol.79, 623–630.
Kirk, J. T. O., Tilney-Bassett, R. A. E., 1978: The Plastids (2nd edition), Part III. Amsterdam-New York-Oxford: Elsevier/North-Holland Biochemical Press.
Kowallik, K. V., Haberkorn, G., 1971: The DNA-structures of the chloroplast ofProrocentrum micans (Dinophyceae). Arch. Mikrobiol.80, 252–261.
—,Herrmann, R. G., 1972: Variable amounts of DNA related to the size of chloroplasts. IV. Three-dimensional arrangement of DNA in fully differentiated chloroplasts ofBeta vulgaris L. J. Cell Sci.11, 357–377.
Kuroiwa, T., Suzuki, T., 1980: An improved method for the demonstration ofin situ chloroplast nuclei in higher plants. Cell Struct. Func.5, 195–197.
—,Suzuki, T., Ogawa, K., Kawano, S., 1981: The chloroplast nucleus: Distribution, number, size, and shape, and a model for the multiplication of the chloroplast genome during chloroplast development. Plant and Cell Physiol.22, 381–396.
Kushida, H., 1980: An improved embedding method using ERL 4206 and Quetol 653. J. Electron Microsc.29, 193–194.
Lüttke, A., Bonotto, S., 1981: Chloroplast DNA ofAcetabularia mediterranea: Cell cycle related changes in distribution. Planta153, 536–542.
Mlodzianowsky, F., Wieczorek, W., 1973: DNA configuration in chloroplasts ofBrassica oleracea var.Gongylodes andPetroselinum sativum. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen164, 429–437.
Odintsova, M. S., Mikulska, E., Turischeva, M. S., 1970: Electron microscopy of DNA in pea chloroplasts. Exp. Cell Res.61, 423–432.
Ris, H., Plaut, W., 1962: Ultrastructure of DNA-containing areas in the chloroplast ofChlamydomonas. J. Cell Biol.13, 383–391.
Robertson, D., Laetsch, W. M., 1974: Structure and function of developing barley plastids. Plant Physiol.54, 148–159.
Rose, R. J., 1979: The association of chloroplast DNA with photosynthetic membrane vesicles from spinach chloroplasts. J. Cell Sci.36, 169–183.
Selldén, G., Leech, R. M., 1981: Localization of DNA in mature and young wheat chloroplasts using the fluorescent probe 4′6diamino-2-phenylindole. Plant Physiol.68, 731–734.
Sprey, B., 1968: Zum Verhalten DNS-haltiger Areale des Plastidenstromas bei der Plastidenteilung. Planta78, 115–133.
—,Gietz, N., 1973: Isolierung von Etioplasten und elektronenmikroskopische Abbildung membranassoziierter Etioplasten-DNA. Z. Pflanzenphysiol.68, 397–414.
Williamson, D. H., Fennell, D. J., 1975: The use of fluorescent DNA-binding agent for detecting and separating yeast mitochondrial DNA. Methods in Cell Biology, Vol. 12 (Prescott, D. M., ed.), pp. 335–351. New York: Academic Press.
Woodkock, C. L. F., Fernandez-Moran, H., 1968: Electron microscopy of DNA conformations in spinach chloroplasts. J. mol. Biol.31, 627–631.
Yokomura, E., 1967a: An electron microscopic study of DNA-like fibrils in chloroplasts. Cytologia32, 361–377.
—, 1967b: DNA-like fibrils in chloroplasts and mitochondria ofGinkgo biloba. Cytologia32, 390–398.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hashimoto, H. Changes in distribution of nucleoids in developing and dividing chloroplasts and etioplasts ofArena sativa . Protoplasma 127, 119–127 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01273708
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01273708