References
Horney, K.Neurosis and Human Growth. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1951.
Feiring, C. Behavioral styles in infancy and childhood: the work of Karen Horney and attachment theorists collaterally considered.J. Am. Academy Child Psychiat. 22: 1–7, 1983.
Ainsworth, M. D. S. Attachment: retrospect and prospect. In C. M. Parkes and J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.),The Place of Attachment in Human Behaviour. New York: Basic Books, 1982.
Bowlby, J.Attachment and Loss: Volume 1. Attachment, 2nd ed. (1st ed., 1969). New York: Basic Books, 1982 (London: Hogarth) (also Penguin ed., 1971).
Bowlby, J.Attachment and Loss: Volume 2. Separation: Anxiety and Anger. New York: Basic Books, 1973 (London: Hogarth) (also Penguin ed., 1975).
Sroufe, L. A. Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool: the roots of maladaptation and competence. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.),Minnesota Symposium in Child Psychology, 16. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983.
See ref. 4.
Spinetta, J. J., and Rigler, D. The child-abusing parent: a psychological review.Psychological Bulletin, 77: 296–304, 1972.
Morris, M. G., and Gould, R. W. Role reversal: a necessary concept in dealing with the “Battered child syndrome.”Am. J. Orthopsychiatry, 32: 298–299, 1963.
Steele, B. F., and Pollock, C. B. A psychiatric study of parents who abuse infants and small children. In R. E. Helfer and C. M. Kempe (Eds.),The Battered Child. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.
Baldwin, J. Child abuse: epidemiology and prevention. InEpidemiological Approaches in Child Psychiatry. London: Academic Press, 1977, pp. 55–106.
DeLozier, P. P. Attachment theory and child abuse. In C. M. Parkes and J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.),The Place of Attachment in Human Behavior. New York: Basic Books, 1982 (London: Tavistock Publ.).
Hansburg, H. G.Adolescent Separation Anxiety: A Method for the Study of Adolescent Separation Problems. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas, 1972.
Feinstein, H. M., Paul, N., and Pettison, E. Group therapy for mothers with infanticidal impulses.Am. J. Psychiatry, 120: 882–886, 1964.
Martin, H. P., and Rodeheffer, M. A. The psychological impact of abuse in children. In G. J. Williams and J. Money (Eds.),Traumatic Abuse and Neglect of Children at Home. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980.
Gaensbauer, T. J., and Sands, K. Distorted affective communications in abused/neglected infants and their potential impact on caretakers.J. Am. Academy Child Psychiat., 18: 236–250, 1979.
Sameroff, A. J., and Chandler, M. A. Reproductive risk and the continuance of caretaking casualty. In F. D. Horowitz et al. (Eds.),Review of Child Development Research, Vol. 4. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975.
Malone, C. A. Safety first: comments on the influence of external danger in the lives of children of disorganized families.Am. J. Orthopsychiatry, 36: 6–12, 1966.
Crittenden, P. Personal communication.
Pound, A. Attachment and maternal depression. In C. M. Parkes and J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.),The Place of Attachment in Human Behaviour. New York: Basic Books, 1982.
George, C., and Main, M. Social interactions of young abused children: approach, avoidance and aggression.Child Dev., 50: 306–318, 1979.
Main, M., and George, C. Responses of abused and disadvantaged toddlers to distress in age-mates: a study in the day-care setting (in press).
Manning, M., Heron, J., and Marshall, T. Styles of hostility and social interactions at nursery, at school and at home: an extended study of children. In L. Hersov and M. Berger (Eds.),Aggression and Antisocial Behaviour in Childhood and Adolescence. Oxford & New York: Pergamon Press, 1978, pp. 29–58.
Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M., and King, R. A. Child-rearing and children's prosocial initiations toward victims of distress.Child Dev., 50: 319–330, 1979.
Lynch, M. A., and Roberts, J.Consequences of Child Abuse. London: Academic Press, 1982.
Stroh, G. Psychotic children. In P. Barker (Ed.),The Residential Psychiatric Treatment of Children. London: Crosby, 1974, pp. 175–190.
Bloch, D. “So the Witch Won't Eat Me.” Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978.
Hopkins, J. The probable role of trauma in a case of foot and shoe fetishism: aspects of the psychotherapy of a six-year-old girl.International Review of Psychoanalysis. (in press)
Farrington, D. P. The family backgrounds of aggressive youths. In L. Hersov and M. Berger (Eds.),Aggression and Antisocial Behaviour in Children and Adolescence, 1978, pp. 73–93.
Bliss, E. L. Multiple personalities: report of 14 cases with implications for schizophrenia and hysteria.Archives of Gen. Psychiat., 37: 1388–1397, 1980.
Frodi, A. M., and Lamb, M. E. Child abuser's responses to infant smiles and cries.Child Dev., 51: 238–241, 1980.
Mattinson, J., and Sinclair, I.Mate and Stalemate. Oxford: Blackwell, 1979.
Marsden, D., and Owens, D. The Jekyll and Hyde marriages.New Society, 32: 333–335, 1975.
Gayford, J. J. Wife-battering: a preliminary survey of 100 cases.Br. Med. J., 1: 194–197, 1975 (No. 5951).
Helfer, R. E., and Kempe, C. H. (Eds.)Child Abuse and Neglect: The Family and the Community. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger, 1976.
Harrison, M. Home-start: a voluntary home-visiting scheme for young families.Child Abuse and Neglect, 5: 441–447, 1981.
van der Eyken, W.Home-Start: A Four-Year Evaluation. Leicester: Home-Start Consultancy (22 Princess Road West Leicester, LE1 6TP), 1982.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Reprint requests to: John Bowlby, M.D., Tavistock Clinic, Belsize Lane, London, NW3 5BA, England.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bowlby, J. Violence in the family as a disorder of the attachment and caregiving systems. Am J Psychoanal 44, 9–27 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01255416
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01255416