Summary
This contribution demonstrates, for the first time, the close genetic relationship of concordant tourmaline rocks (tourmalinites) to stratabound tungsten mineralization and their wide regional distribution within the polymetamorphic Austroalpine Crystalline Complex of the Eastern Alps. The occurrences investigated are located in parts of the Austroalpine Crystalline Complex consisting of metavolcanoclastic and metacalcareous sequences of probable Lower Paleozoic age. Tourmalinites composed of tourmaline, quartz, plagioclase, ± almandine-rich garnet, ± muscovite, ± biotite, and minor ilmenite, rutile, graphite,- ± pyrite and, rarely, scheelite are of pre- to synmetamorphic origin. Tourmalines from the tourmalinites have been identified as intermediate members of the dravite-schorl solid solution series with minor amounts of other tourmaline end members. They can be compared to tourmalines from massive sulphide and stratabound tungsten deposits. Tourmalines from pegmatoids, on the contrary, plot close to the schorl end member. Tourmalinites are interpreted as metamorphosed products of elastic sedimentary material which has reacted with boronrich solutions of probable exhalative-hydrothermal origin. These exhalative processes are genetically connected to the transport of B and W and to the formation of syngenetic/syndiagenetic tungsten mineralization. Metamorphic mobilization of these primary concentrations led, during the Variscan and the Alpine metamorphic events, to the formation of scheelite-bearing quartz-tourmaline-, quartz-plagioclase-tourmaline mobilizates and pegmatoids.
Zusammenfassung
Erstmals konnte auch in den Ostalpen die enge genetische Beziehung und weite Verbreitung schichtiger Turmalingesteine (Turmalinite) zu schichtgebundenen Wolframvererzungen gezeigt werden. Die bearbeiteten Vorkommen liegen in Teilen des polymetamorphen ostalpinen Kristallins, eingeschaltet in eine bunte metavulkanoklastisch-, metakarbonatisehe Abfolge, wahrscheinlich altpaläozoischen Alters. Turmalinite setzen sich mineralogisch aus Turmalin, Quarz, Plagioklas, t almandinreichem Granat, ±Muskowit, ± Biotit, untergeordnet Ilmenit, Rutil, Graphit, ± Pyrit und selten Scheelit zusammen und sind prä- bis synmetamorph gebildet worden. Die Turmaline aus den Turmaliniten sind als intermediäre Glieder der Dravit-Schörl-Mischkristallreihe mit untergeordneter Beteiligung anderer Turmalinendglieder bestimmt worden, sie sind in ihrem Mineralchemismus vergleichbar mit Turmalinen aus massiven Sulfid-, und schichtgebundenen Wolframlagerstätten. Turmalin aus Pegmatoiden steht hingegen dem Schörlendglied nahe. Die Turmalinite werden als metamorphe Produkte klastischer Sedimente, die mit borreichen Lösungen, wahrscheinlich exhalativ-hydrothermaler Herkunft, reagiert haben, gedeutet. Diese exhalativen Prozesse stehen mit der Zufuhr von Bor und Wolfram und der Bildung syngenetischer/syndiagenetischer Wolframverer zungen in enger Verbindung. Im Zuge der variszischen und alpinen Orogenesen wurdendiese Ausgangsgesteine mehreren Metamorphosen unterworfen, während der es zur Bildung von scheelitführenden Quarz-Turmalin-, Quarz-Plagioklas-Turmalin-Mobilisaten und Pegmatoiden kam.
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Raith, J.G. Tourmaline rocks associated with Stratabound Scheelite Mineralization in the Austroalpine Crystalline Complex, Austria. Mineralogy and Petrology 39, 265–288 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01163040
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01163040