Abstract
The effects of La and Mn dopants on the crystallite growth and the phase transformation of BaTiO3 powders were studied. The barium titanate powders were obtained by calcining barium titanyl oxalate tetrahydrate in the temperature range 800 to 1200 °C. Crystallite growth of BaTiO3 powders was promoted by the use of Mn dopant due to the increase of oxygen vacancies. The dissolution of La dopant into BaTiO3 structure may decrease the oxygen vacancies so that the growth of BaTiO3 crystallites is inhibited at high temperature (⩾ 900 °C). When the crystallite size is small, the barium titanate can exist as a cubic phase due to the manifestation of the surface energy. Undoped cubic BaTiO3 powders can be stable at a size < 30 nm. Doping with La and Mn would bring the crystallite size for the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transformation to ∼ 100 nm, resulting from the presence of cation or oxygen vacancies.
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Hsiang, HI., Yen, FS. & Chang, YH. Effects of doping with La and Mn on the crystallite growth and phase transition of BaTiO3 powders. J Mater Sci 31, 2417–2424 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01152955
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01152955